FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 255 



Genus SQUALUS Linnaeus 



Squalus Linnakus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 233, 1758. (Type, Squalus 



ucanthias Linnaeus, designated by Gill, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, 



vol. 8, p. 39, 1861.) 

 Squallus Scopoli, Introd. Nat. Hist., p. 464, 1777. (Type, Squalus acanthiaa 



Linnaeus. ) 

 Acanthorhinus Blainvtlle, Bull. Soc. Philomatli. Paris, p. 121, 1816. (Type, 



Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, designated by Jordan and Evermann, Genera 



of Fishes, pt. 1, p. 95, 1917.) 

 Acanthias Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe m^rid., Poissons, vol. 3, p. 131, 1826. (Type, 



Acanthias vulgaris ^1880= Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, tautotypic.) 

 Carcharias (not Rafinesque) Gistel, Naturg. Thierreicbs, p. vm, 1848. (Type, 



Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, virtually. Carcharias Gistel proposed to re- 

 place Acanthias Eisso.) 

 Centrophorides Davis, Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 478, 1887. 



(Type, Centrophorides latidens Davis.) 

 Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, Fishes of Japan, vol. 9, p. 151, 1912. (Type, Cirrhigaleus 



harbifer Tanaka, monotypic. ) 

 Phaenopogon Hebee, Copeia, 1935, No. 3, p. 123, fig. 1. (Type, Phaenopogon 



'barliiUfer Herre, orthotypic.) 



Body elongate, partly round, longer than tail. Head flattened 

 below. Snout produced, tapering. Orbit lateral, elongate. Mouth 

 wide, little arched, with deep groove and with labial folds at each 

 angle. Teeth compressed, sectorial, alike in 2 jaws, with oblique 

 cusp and with cutting edge nearly parallel to jaw edge. Nostrils 

 transverse, inferior, remote from mouth. Gill openings before pec- 

 toral. Spiracles behind and elevated from eye. Each dorsal with 

 spine in front, which not grooved on sides, first dorsal near pectoral 

 and second behind ventrals. Caudal with produced subcaudal, with- 

 out notch below terminal portion. Pit at root of caudal. 



The dogfishes, spur dogs, or piked dogfishes are a cosmopolitan 

 group and may be said to occur in all cool seas. Though Garman 

 admits but three species, quite likely a number of others are valid. 

 Roving far and wide in shoals, they feed variously on marine inver- 

 tebrates and fishes, and are very voracious. Also especially destructive 

 to the great schools of cod and herring, at times appearing in equally 

 great numbers. The females are said to approach the shore in the 

 spring and each give birth to about ten young. 



I include the following four nominal species though I have been 

 unable to examine any materials: 



SQUALUS GRIFFINI Phillipps 



Squalus grifflnl Phillipps, New Zealand Journ. Sci. Techn., vol. 12, No. 6, p. 360, 

 1931 (type locality: "Trawled in Hauraki Gulf"). 



Distance from snout to pectoral origin just over 5 in total length. 

 Labial folds 5, run obliquely outward from below angles of jaws. 

 Teeth of upper jaw smaller than lower, points deflected outward and 



