FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 277 



Scales minute simple or curved tubercles, with 3 to 6 ridges con- 

 verging apically. 



First dorsal origin nearer snout tip than caudal tip, variably neare* 

 pectoral or ventral origins, fin length 1% in head ; second dorsal origin 

 about over last fourth in ventral base, fin length 1% to 1% in bead ; 

 caudal 3% to 3% in rest of body, front subcaudal edge 1% in caudal 

 length or 1% to IY2 in head ; least depth of caudal peduncle 43^4 to 

 51/5 ; pectoral 1% to 1%, width 21/8 to 21/2 its length ; ventral length 

 1% to 1% in head. 



Blackish brown. Length, 2,692 mm. (Gai-man.) 



Arctic Seas, south to Japan, Massachusetts, and France. Though 

 Garman has separated Somniosus hrevipinna Lesueur as a distinct 

 species, I do not feel his distinctions are conclusive. The position 

 of the first dorsal as well as the appearance of the scales and teeth 

 are likely only individual variations as he figures them. 



Genus ECHINORHINUS Blainville 



EcUinorhinus Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, vol. 8, pi. 121, 1816. 

 Type, Squalus spinosus Gmelin, monotypic.) 



Ooniodus Agassiz, Poissons fossiles, vol. 3, p. 183, 1836. (Type, Squalus spi- 

 nosus Gmelin.) 



Rubusqualus Whitley, Australian Zool., vol. 6, p. 311, 1931. (Type, EcM- 

 norhinus mccoyl Whitley, orthotypic. ) 



Body partly fusiform, longer than tail. Head depressed. Snout 

 short, tapering. Eye moderate, pupil erect, without nictitating mem- 

 branes. Mouth wide, arched forward, with deep labial folds around 

 angles. Teeth sectorial, smooth edged, alike in two jaws, broad, com- 

 pressed, with cusp directed toward mouth angles and with denticle 

 or more at side of base. Nostrils nearly midway from snout end 

 and mouth, valve with pointed lobe in middle. Gill openings mod- 

 erate, last before pectoral. Spiracle minute. Skin with scattered 

 tubercles and bucklers. Two dorsals, close together, behind middle 

 in total length, spineless. Tail short, without lateral folds or pits. 



One species living. Fossils known from the Tertiary. 



ECHINORHINUS BRUCUS (Bonnaterre) 



Squalus hrucus BoNNATEatRE, Tableau encyclop. Ichth., p. 11, 1788 (type locality: 

 The Ocean). 



EcMnorhinus irucus Pakkek, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 16, p. 280, 1884 

 (Dunedin, New Zealand). — Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 243, 

 1913 (Pacific and Australia).— Waite, Rec. Canterbury Mus., vol. 2, pt. 

 1, p. 17, 1913 (Opotiki, Bay of Plenty). — Phillipps, New Zealand 

 Journ. Sci. Techn., vol. 10, No. 4, p. 221, fig. 1, 1928 (Cook Strait).— 

 FowLEK, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 497, 1930 (reference). 



Squalus spinosus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, p. 1500, 1789 (type locality: 

 In Oceano). — Walbaum, Artedi Pise, vol. 3, p. 519, 1792 (copied). — LAci;- 

 FkvK, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 1, p. 283, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1798 (copied).— Schneider, 

 Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 136, 1801 (Atlantic). 



