FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 213 



4% in head ; pectoral 1%, width ll^ its length ; ventral length 214 

 in head ; caudal 2I/3 in rest of body, subcaudal 3i/4 in caudal. 



Pale brown on back, whitish or pale gray white below. Fins gray, 

 dull brown medianly, also reflected on lower surfaces of paired fins, 

 anal and subcaudal. 



China, Philippines. Also in the Atlantic. 



1 example. A.N.S.P. Newport, Rhode Island. Samuel Powell. Length, 311 mm. 

 Subgenus Sphyrna Rafinesque 



SPHYRNA TUDES (Valenciennes) 



Zugaena tudes Cuvieb, Regue Animal, vol. 2, p. 393, 1817 (reference). — Valen- 

 ciNNEs, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 9, p. 225, pi. 12, figs, la-b, 1822 

 (type locality: Mediterranean; Cayenne; Coromandel). — CxmEB, R6gne Ani- 

 mal, Poiss., ed. ill., pi. 117, fig. 1, 1839. — Lay and Bennett, Zool. Beechey's 

 Voy., Fishes, p. 47, 1939 (Oahu). — Jouan, Mem. Soe. Imp. Sei. Nat. Cherbourg, 

 vol. 8, p. 245, 1861 (Kanala, New Caledonia). — Gijnthek, Cat. Fishes British 

 Mus., vol. 8, p. 382, 1870 (West Indies, Demerara, Zanzibar, Sumatra).— 

 Day, Fishes of India, pt. 4, p. 720, pi. 188, fig. 4, 1878 (Mediterranean, In- 

 dian Ocean, Indian Archipelago, xVtlantic). — Ogilby, Cat. Fishes Australian 

 Mus., pt. 1, p. 4, 1888 (Madras). — Day, Fauna British India, Fishes, vol. 1, 

 p. 23, 1889 (Indian Ocean, East Indies). — Bartlett, Sarawak Gazette, vol. 

 2G, No. 366, p. 134, 1896 (Bnmtal).— Zugmayek, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 

 math.-phys. KL, vol. 26, p. 8, 1913 (Mekran). — Vinciguebba, Ann. Mus. 

 Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, ser. 3, vol. 10, p. 626, 1926 (Sarawak).— Tibant, 

 Service Oceanogr. Peches Indo-Chine, 6* note, p. 60, 1929 (Purochai).— 

 PnxAY, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 33, p. 351, 1929 (Travancore), 



Zygoena tudes Sauvage, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., p. 510, 1891 (reference) 



Sphyrna tudes Muixeb and Henle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiostomen, p. 53, 1841 

 (Cayenne and Coromandel). — Bleeker, Verb. Batav. Genootsch. (Madura), 

 vol. 22, p. 6, 1849 (Kammal). — Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 

 1908, p. 66 (Surinam). — Pellegbin, Ann. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli, new 

 ser., vol. 3, No. 27, p. 2, 1912 (Honolulu). — Webee, Siioga Exped., Fische, 

 vol. 57, p. 592, 1913 (Makassar and Timor). — Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Philadelphia, 1919, p. 129 (Surinam example) ; Mem. Bishop Mus., vol. 10, 

 p. 23, 1928 (compiled); proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 495, 

 1930 (Atlantic and Indian Oceans).— H5885, Copeia, No. 4, p. 144, 1930 

 (Manila Bay, Cebu, Zamboanga). — Suvatti, Index Fish. Siam, p. 3, 1934 

 (Samut Prakan, Gulf of Siam). — Fowxeb, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. 70, pt. 1, p. 64, 1936 (Surinam). — Roxas and Martin, Dept. Agric. 

 Comm. Manila, Tech. Bull. 6, p. 14, 1937 (reference). 



Sphyrna (Platysqualns) tudes McCulloch and Whitley, Mem. Queensland 

 Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 129, 1925 (reference). 



Sphymias tudes Gray, List fish British Museum, p. 50, 1851 (compiled). 



Cestracion (Zygaena) tudes Dum£ril, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 384, 1865 

 (Nice, Algeria, Cayenne). 



Cestracion tudes Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 159, 1913 (Rio 

 Janeiro, Panama). — Chevey, Inst. Oceanogr. Indochine, 19* note, p. 6, 1932 

 (Indochina). 



Sphyrna tiburo (not Linnaeus) Rafinesque, Indice d'ittiologia siciliana, p. 47, 

 1810. 



Sphyrna cMereghini Nardo, Synon. Moderna Pesc. Chi©reghini, p. Ill, 1847 (type 

 locality: Venice, Italy). 



