214 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Depth 4:% to siibcaudal origin ; head 3%, width behind lateral ex- 

 pansions 2l^ in head length. Snout 1% in head, lateral expansion 

 shorter than its width; eye 7 in head, 9% in interorbital ; dentary 

 width 3l^ in head, length 1% in its width, with short lower labial 

 fold, also upper one rudimentary; teeth in about 30 rows above, 26 

 below ; nostril II/3 eye diameters before eye, with long groove along 

 front edge of hammer half way to middle of snout, which with dis- 

 tinct and rather prominent concavity before nostril as seen in front 

 profile when viewed above; interorbital space equals head length to 

 last gill opening. Gill openings rather large, last 2 above pectoral 

 base and last shortest. 



Scales tridentate, median point little largest and each with keel, 

 extending parallel. 



First dorsal begins before hind inner pectoral angle, front edge 

 114 in head, lobe falcate and hind lobe narrow short point; second 

 dorsal inserted little behind anal origin, front edge 4i/4 in head, with 

 long, slender, pointed hind lobe greater than fin base; anal larger 

 than second dorsal, front edge SVs in head, ends behind in long 

 slender point; caudal 1% in rest of body, subcaudal 1% its length; 

 ventral length 2I/2 in head, pointed behind; short, flattened, pointed 

 claspers less than hind edge. 



Gray brown above, below whitish. 



Arabian Sea, East Africa, India, East Indies, Indochina, Queens- 

 land, New South Wales, Melanesia, Hawaii. Also in the tropical 

 Atlantic. Specimens from Mazatlan, Panama, and the west coast 

 of South America in the United States National Museum. 



U.S.N.M. No. 49330. Massaua, Red Sea. Museo Civico Milan. Length, 38() 

 mm. 



SPHYRNA MOKARRAN (Rttppell) 



Zygaena niokarran Ruppbxl, Neue Wirbelth., Fische, p. 66, pi. 17, fig. 3, 1835 

 ( type locality : Massauah, Red Sea ) . — Gijnther, Cat. Fishes British Mus., 

 vol. 8, p. 383, 1870 (copied). — Kltjnzinqer, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 

 21, p. 667, 1871 (Red Sea).— Day, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 20, 

 p. 389, 1887 (note).— Brusina, Glasnik Naravosl. Druztva, vol. 3, p. 225, 

 1888 (Red Sea).— Day, Fishes of India, Suppl., p. 809, 1888 (Red Sea to 

 Kurrachee) ; Fauna British India, Fishes, vol. 1, p. 23, 1S89. — Zugmayee, Abh. 

 Bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. Kl., vol. 26, p. 8, 1913 (Mekran). 



Sphyrna niokarran Muller and Henle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiostomen, p. 54, 1841 

 (Red Sea).— FowLEB, Hong Kong Nat, vol. 1, p. 86, fig. 12, 1930 (China). 



Sphyrnias mokarran Gray, List fish British Mus., p. 51, 1851 (compiled). 



Cestraeion (Zygaeva) mokarran DuMi:HiL, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 383, 

 1865 (compiled). 



Cestraeion mokarran Bleeker, Nederland. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 4, p. 115, 1874 

 (Chinese drawing). — Gagman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 160, 1913 

 (Red Sea; India). 



Zygaena dissiniiUs Murray, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 2, p. 103, pi., 1887 

 (type locality: Kurr«chee) ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 304, 1887. 



