FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 219 



1889.— BotiLENGER, Proo. Zool. Soc. Lomlou, p. 213, 1889 (Muscat).— Vinci- 

 GUERRA, Lo Spallanzani Giorn. Romano Sci. Biolog., ser. 2, voL 19, p. 489, 

 1890 (Zauzibar). — Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, new ser., vol. 2, p. 43, 

 1890 (Port Phillip).— Eleba, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, p. 610, 1895 (Luzon, 

 Manila Bay, Laguna de Bay).^ — Ishikawa and Matstjura, Prelim. Cat. 

 Fishes Mus. Tokyo, p. 62, 1897.— Waite, Prelim. Rep. Thetis Exped., p. 38, 

 1898 (off Shoalhaven Bight in 15 fathoms). — Dunckeb, Mitt. Naturh. Mus. 

 Hamburg, vol. 21 (1903), p. 192, 1004 (locality?).— VoLz, Nat. Tijdschr. 

 Nederlaud. Indie, vol. 66, p. 238, 1907 (Padang). — Southweix, Ceylon Ad- 

 ministr. Rep., 1912-13, p. E49. — Zugmayer, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.- 

 phys. KL, voL 26, p. 8, 1913 (Mekran and Oman). — Malpas, Ceylon Ad- 

 miuistr. Rep., 1921, p. E7. — Pillay, Journ. Bombay Nat. Plist. Soc, vol. 33, 

 p. 351, 1929 (Travancore). — Tirant, Service Oc^anogr. Peches Indo-Chine, 

 6* note, p. 60, 1929 (Cochinchina). 



Zygoena malleus Saitvage, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., p. 510, 1891 

 (reference). 



? Cestrorhinus carollniensis Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philomath., Paris, vol. 8, p. 

 121, 1816 (name only). 



? Cestrorhinui? pictus Blainville, Bull. Sue. Philomath., Paris., vol. 8, p. 121, 

 1816 (name only). 



Zi/ffaena indica Van Hasselt, Algemeiu Konst. Letterbode, May 1823, p. — 

 (type locality: Java) ; Bull. Sci. Nat. F6russac, vol. 2, p. 90, 1824 (Java). 



Zygaena suharcuata Stores, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, p. 70, 1848 

 (type locality: Cape Cod, Mass.). 



Zygaena erythraea (Ehrenberg) Klxxnzinger, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 21, 

 p. 666, 1871 (name in synonymy). — Hilqendorf, Symbol. Physic. Hemprich- 

 Ehrenberg, p. 8, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1899 (type locality : Red Sea). 



Depth 4% to 7% to subcaudal origin ; head 3% to 4%, length I14 

 to I73 in width, as seen from above front edge moderately convex 

 with rather deep concave notch above nostril. Front median end 

 of snont, measured across from snout end to eye, ll^ to 1% in head ; 

 eye 8 to 8%, orbit nearly twice eye in young to but slightly larger 

 with age, 5^/4 to ^ in snout, 12 to 13i/^ in interorbital ; dentary width 

 2Y2 to 3, length half its width, grooves at mouth angles rudimentary 

 or absent; teeth in young about 35 rows above and 32 rows below, 

 alike in 2 jaws, compressed, outer edges deeply notched and inner 

 edge straight, all minutely serrated in young and entire with age; 

 prenasal groove along front snout edge about I14 to median snout 

 end, outer nasal groove about long as orbit terminating anteriorly 

 on hammer about diameter of orbit at front anteriorly; least width 

 of expansion of hammer equals its projection from body, with hind 

 edge oblique and slightly concave. Gill openings with second and 

 third largest, fourth and fifth closer than others and above 

 pectorals. 



Scales minute, with 3 to 5 points and as many keels. 



First dorsal origin close behind pectoral base, length 1 to 1% in 

 length, base length 214 to 21^4 iii interdorsal space, hind lobe, narrow, 

 short, triangular; second dorsal opposite anal, length 2% to 2% in 



