FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 237 



which grooved laterally and second spine much larger than first; 

 first dorsal above space between pectorals and ventrals. No anal. 

 Tail much less than body, subcaudal scarcely extended. Pectorals 

 moderate, inner angles not extended. 



I camiot accept Garman's use of Acanfhidium for this genus as 

 its type species Acanthidium, 'pusiUum Lowe properly conveys it 

 to the synonymy of Etmo'pterus. 



ANALYSIS OF SPECIES 



a\ Deania. First dorsal origin nearer subcaudal origin than snout tip, well 

 behind depressed pectoral end. 

 &'. Second dorsal origin over or close behind hind edge of ventral base. 

 c\ Depressed first dorsal far from opposite ventral origin. 



d^. Eye center midway between snout tip and pectoral origin. 



e\ Spiracle above level of eye quadrispinosa 



e*. Spiracle behind superiorly level of eye rostrata 



d^. Eye center nearer snout tip than pectoral origin aciculata 



c". Depressed first dorsal nearly reaches opposite ventral origin, hystricosa 



6l Second dorsal origin over middle of ventral base eglantina 



d\ Nasisqualus. First dorsal origin or spine much nearer snout tip than 

 subcaudal origin or close behind pectoral base. 



f. Second dorsal origin above hind basal ventral edge profundorum 



f. Second dorsal origin well behind ventral base natalense. 



Subgenus Deania Jordan and Snyder 



DEANLA. QUADRISPINOSA (McCulloch) 



Acanthidium quadrispinosum McCulloch, Biol. Res. Endeavour, vol. 3, pt. 3, 

 p. 100, pi. 14, figs. 5-8, 1915 (type locality: Great Australian Bight and 

 Victorian coast, in 150-300 fathoms). — Waite, Rec. South Austrian Mus., 

 vol. 2, p. 23, fig. 31, 1921.— FowLEK, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., 

 Java, p. 496, 1930 (compiled). 



Deaniops quadrispinosus Whitlet, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 18, No. 6, p. 326, 

 1932 (type) ; Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 4, p. 200, 1934 (reference). 



Depth 7 to subcaudal origin; head 3%, width 21/4- Snout 1% 

 in head; eye 4%, 2% in snout, 1% in interorbital ; mouth width 3% 

 in head, slightly arched, long upper and short labial fold at each 

 angle; upper teeth little smaller than lower, with pointed cusps 

 arising from broad bases, nearly all upright, become slightly oblique 

 laterally; lower teeth in male very similar to upper, somewhat 

 broader and little more oblique laterally, in female cutting edges 

 almost horizontal with tips turned slightly upward; preoral length 

 1% in head; nostrils little nearer orbit than snout end, internarial 

 3% in preoral length, inner portions with free skinny borders; inter- 

 orbital 3 in head, low. Gill openings subequal, equidistant, width 

 about % or orbit. Spiracle large, behind end of orbit, about half 

 diameter above. 



Scales with 4 spines, of which 1 broad and leaflike, on stellate 

 bases with slender peduncles. 



