FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 315 



Skin covered with minute denticles, smooth to touch; series of 

 small spines in median line of back, smaller ones on head and scap- 

 ular region; spines less prominent and irregular with age. 



First dorsal II/2 to 1% times high as long, origin behind ventral 

 base equals or little greater or less than interdorsal, base 2 to 21^ in 

 interdorsal. 



Young with few, small, round white spots on head and body above. 

 Length, 960 mm. (Norman.) 



South Africa. 



Subgenus Rhinobatos Linck 



RHINOBATOS GRANULATUS Cuvier 



Rhinobatus granulatus Cuvieb, li^gue animal, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 396, 1829 (no 

 locality). — Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, vol. 8, p. 121, 1816 (name 

 only). — Gray, List fish British Museum, p. 95, 1851 (Mediterranean?, 

 India). — Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Genotsch. (Bengal), vol. 25, p. 82, 1853 

 (reference). — Blyth, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 29, p. 36, 1860 (Cal- 

 cutta). — Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 275, 1865 (compiled). — GtJNTHER, Cat. 

 Fishes British Mus., vol. 8, p. 443, 1870 (part).— Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, 1870, p. 704 (Andamans). — Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, 

 vol. 1, p. 409, 1876 (Bangkok and Singapore). — Day, Fishes of India, pt. 4, 

 p. 732, pi. 192, fig. 2, 1878 (Malabar).— Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. Nevp 

 South Wales, vol. 2, p. 366, 1878 (Port Darwin) ; vol. 5, p. 307, 1880 (Port 

 Jackson, Cape York) ; vol. 6, p. 371, 1881 (Port Jackson, Cape York). — 

 KIeou, Termesz. Fuzetek, Budapest, vol. 5, p. 148, 1881 (Singapore). — 

 Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 7, p. 598, 1883 (New 

 Guinea). — Meyer, Anal. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, p. 49, 

 1885 (Macassar). — Ogilby, Cat. Fishes Australian Mus., pt. 1, p. 14, 1888 

 (lagoon on Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay, Madras; South East New 

 Guinea). — Day, Fauna British India, Fishes, vol. 1, p. 42, fig. 17, 1889'. — Kent, 

 Great Barrier Reef, p. 370, pi. 48, fig. 4, 1893 (Torres Straits to Moreton 

 Bay). — Johnstone, Fasc. Malayenses, Annandale and Robinson, Zool., pf. 

 2, p. 302, 1903 (Patani Bay).— Volz, Rev. Suisse Zool., vol. 12, p. 484, 1904 

 (Padang; Kwala) ; Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indie, vol. 66, p. 240, 1907 

 (Langhat).— Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 30, p. 272, 1913 (India).— 

 McCuLLOCH and Whitley, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 129, 1925 

 (reference). — Norman, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1926, p. 949, text fig. 3 

 (rostra) (Madras, India, type of Rhinobatus spinosus; Shanghai). — Pillay, 

 Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 33, p. 352, 1929- (Travancore).— Tikant, 

 Service Oceanogr. Peches Indo-Chine, 6" note, p. 73, 1929 (Cochinchina).— 

 Chevey, Inst. Oceanogr. ludochine, 19'' note, p. 7, 1932 (Indo-China). — Hoe a 

 and MtJKERJi, Rec Indian Mus., vol. 38, pp. 18, 21, pi. 2, fig. ], 1936 (Mauug- 

 magan, Burma). 



Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) granulatus MiJiXER and Henle, Syst. Beschr. Plagi- 

 ostomen, p. 117, pi. 38, 1841 (Tranquebar and Pondicherry, types). — 

 Bleekeb, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. (Bengal), vol. 25, p. 82, 1853 (refer- 

 ence). — DxjMfiEiL, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 493, 1865 (Malabar, Ganges 

 River, Pondicherry). 



Rhinobatis granulatus Annandale, Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 2, p. 14, 1909 (off 

 Orlssa). 



