354 BXJLLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



TEMERA HARDWICKII Gray ' 



Temera hardtvickii Geay, Zool. Misc. p. 7, 1831 (type locality : Pinang) ; Illustr. 

 Indian Zool. Hardwicke, vol. 2, p. 2, pi. 102, figs. 1, a-b, 1832-34 (type).— 

 MuLt-ER and Hbnlb, Syst. Beschr. Plagiostomen, p. 131, pi. 60, fig. 2, 1841 

 (Pinang). — Cantor, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 18, p. 1402, pi. 12, figs. 

 1-2, 1849 (Pinang, Malay Peninsula, Singapore). — DuMigBir, Rev. Mag. Zool., 

 ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 42, 1852 (reference). — BleeivER, Verb. Batav. Genootsch. 

 (Plagiost.), vol. 24, p. 50, 1852 (Singapore, Pinang) ; (Bengal), vol. 25, p. 16 

 (on Gray), p. 82, 1853 (reference) ; Nat. Tijdschr. Nederland. Indie, vol. 20, 

 p. 451, 1859-60 (Singapore).— DuM^.RiL, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 524, 

 1865 (compiled). — Gunther, Cat. Fisbes Britisb Mus., vol. 8, p. 455, 1870 

 (types). — MARTENS, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, vol. 1, p. 409, 1876 (Singa- 

 pore). — Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 316, 1913 (Pinang). — 

 Fowler, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 500, 1930 (reference) ; 

 List Fisb. Malaya, p. 15, 1938 (reference), 



Temerara hardwickii Tirant, Service Oc^anogr. Pecbes Indo-Chine, 6* Note, 

 p. 75, 1929 (Cochinchina) (error). 



Head to jfirst gill opening 514 in total length. Snout 14^ in head 

 to first gill opening; orbit 7%, 3% in snout, 3% in interorbital ; mouth 

 width 2% in head; internarial 3; interorbital 2. Spiracle around 

 hind eye edge, little greater than eye. Gill openings subequal, small. 



Caudal about 4% in rest of body, hind edge apparently uneven; 

 pectorals form circular disk, length little greater than tail, 1% in 

 width; ventral 3%o in total body length, obtuse, without prominent 

 front lobe; vent midway between mouth and tip of tail. 



Disk and body above brown, below creamy white, edges of disk 

 grayish. Eyes and spiracles each in dull yellowish blotch. Figure 

 shows black line curving from right eye over to middle of left pec- 

 toral submarginally. Another black vertical line apparently intended 

 as vertebral opposite ventrals. (Gray; Garman.) 



Malay Peninsula, Pinang, Singapore, Cochinchina. 



Family RAJIDAE 



Body and head greatly depressed, united with pectorals to form 

 rhomboid disk. Tail distinct, slender, depressed, with rather long 

 fold along each side. Eyes superior. Mouth inferior. Teeth small, 

 numerous, in pavement. Gill openings small, inferior. Spiracles 

 superior. Skin usually more or less rough with small sharp spines 

 and larger tubercles. Males with erectile spines near middle of upper 

 side of each pectoral. Electric organ rudimentary. Dorsals small, 

 usually two, behind midlength of tail. Males often with large 

 claspers. 



A large family, with numerous species mostly in cool seas or in 

 deep water, usually difficult to distinguish. Sexual dimorphism 

 usually greatly contrasted. So far as known the species are vivipa- 



