360 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



s'. Dusky brown, with nu- 

 merous dark brown 

 or blackish variable 

 spots ; pale uniform 

 yellow below. 



leopardus 

 f. Light brown, marbled 

 dark brown ; dark 

 brown blotches orna- 

 mented by small, 

 round, yellowish ocel- 

 li nitida 



Median vertebral spines 

 in 3 or 4 rows on back 

 and 3 to 5 rows on tail ; 

 brown above, snout 

 white ; below whitish, 



tinged brown porosa 



No median large vertebral 

 spine on back or tail ; 

 pale slate gray, becomes 

 darker toward inner 

 pectoral edges, lower 

 surface of body similar, 

 spinacidermis. 



RAJA CLAVATA Linnaeus 



Raja clavata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 232, 1758 (type locality: 

 European Ocean). — Gtjnther, Cat. Fishes British Mus., vol. 8, p. 456, 1870 

 (Europe, Madeira, Mauritius ?). — Fowi^r, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 

 phia, 1910, p. 471 (Bonaparte material). 



Rata clavata Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 86, p. 326, 1913 (Norway 

 to Madeira, Mediterranean). — Barnard, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 21, 

 pt. 1, p. 64, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1925 (Natal). 



Dasyhatis clavata Bonaparte, Icon. Fauna Ital., Pesci., vol. 3, pt. 2, fasc. 29, 

 descr., pi., fig. 4 (male), 1840 (Italy) ; Cat. Metod. Pesci. Europei, p. 12, 1846 

 (Mediterranean; Atlantic). 



Raja ruMs Blooh, Fische Deutschlands, vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 84, 1784 (type locality: 

 North Sea; Hamburg). 



Raja cuvieria Schneider, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 367, 1801 (on La Raie Cuvier 

 Lac^pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 1, p. 141, pi. 7, fig. 1, 1798, type locality: 

 Fiquainville pr^s de Vallemout). 



Raia aspera Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 5, 1810 (type locality: Nice). 



Raja pontica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 8, a-b, 1811 (type local- 

 ity : Littore Tauriae). 



Raja capensis (not Gmelin) Mullbr and Hbnle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiostomen, 

 p. 151, 1841 (Cape of Good Hope).— Gray, List fish British Museum, p. 112, 

 1851 (reference). — Bleekee, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederland. Indie, vol. 21, p. 58, 

 1860 (reference). — Dum1i:ril, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 540, pi. 12, fig. 

 11-12 (tubercle of tall), 1865 (type).— Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, p. 419, 

 1865 (Cape of Good Hope). 



Raia capensis Sauvage, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., p. 510, 1891 (reference). — 

 Thompson, Marine Biol. Rep. South Africa, No. 2, p. 157, 1914.— von Bonde and 



