FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 385 

 RAJA BATIS Linnaeas 



Raja batis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 231, 1758 (type locality: 

 European Ocean). — Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, p. 471 

 (Italy). — Norman, Discovery Rep., vol. 12, p. 39, 1935 (off Cape Point, in 

 100 fathoms). 



Baia batis Gasman, Mem. Mns. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 331, 1913 (coasts of 

 Europe). — Thompson, Marine Biol. Rep. South Africa, No. 2, p. 156, 1914. — 

 Barnard, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 21, p. 70, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1925 (False 

 Bay and off Cape Point, in 34 to 100 fathoms). 



Dasybatis batis Bonaparte, Cat. Metod. Pesci. Europei, p. 13, 1846 (Atlantic). 



Raia machuelo Osbeck, Nova Act. Acad. Leopold. Carol., vol. 4, pp. 99, 104, 1770 

 (type locality: Spain). 



Raja osbeckii Walbaum, Artedi Pise, vol. 3, p. 532, 1792 (on Osbeck). 



Raja hispayiica Schneideb, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 369, 1801 (on Osbeck). 



Raia gaimardi Valenciennes, Voy. Island Groenland, Gaimard, Poiss., without 

 text, pis. 2-3, 1847 (no type locality given). 



Raja leiobatos Gray, Cat. fish Gronow, p. 10, 1854 (type locality: Oceano Sep- 

 tentrional!). 



f Raia chinerisis Basiij:wsky, Nouv. M6m. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, p. 251, 1855 

 (type locality: Oriental Sea, Pekin, China). — Gasman, Mem. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., vol. 36, p. 356, 1913 (copied). 



Raja cMnensi.<i Fowler, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, p. 501, 1930 

 (reference) ; Hong Kong Nat., vol. 1, p. 137, 1930 (compiled). 



Snout II/3 in head; mouth width 21/10; teeth above 48, below 45; 

 preoral length 1% in head; internarial 234; interorbital 41/10. 



Body largely smooth above; series of spines externally to pectoral 

 tip to ventral ; single small vertebral spine behind pharynx ; series of 

 median obsolete tail spines above; snout tip slightly rough above, 

 below largely rough ; body otherwise smooth. 



Dorsals 2, well separated, first dorsal length 3 in head ; no caudal ; 

 lateral tail folds well developed ; front ventral edge ll^. 



Pores to ducts of lorenzini dusky. 



South Africa, also in the East Atlantic. 



Raia machuelo Osbeck is noticed with oblong body, except caudal. 

 Head rough, partly rounded, oval. Eyes oblong. Upper jaw long. 

 Teeth acute, wide. Nostril large. Body finely rough. Pectorals 

 form rhomboid disk. Brown above, white to pink white below. 

 Length, 305 mm. or more. 



The imperfectly noticed Raia chinensis Basilewsky is said to be 

 near this species. The following are the few fragments of its 

 description : 



Snout long, pointed. Jaw teeth small, robust, smooth. Head 

 rough above; under edge and ends of pectorals for outer third with 

 pointed, curved spines ; back with single obtuse scute. Caudal fleshy, 

 partly compressed, with obtuse scutes anteriorly, acute behind; small 

 dorsals; caudal small; at base ventrals fleshy, notched, shorter than 

 disk. Gray above, white below. Length, 509 mm. 



1 example. A.N.S.P. Italy. C. L. Bonaparte. Length, 390 mm. ; width 250 mm. 



