FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 311 

 RHINOBATOS HYNNICEPHALUS Richardson 



RhinoMfus hynnicephalus Richardson, Ichth. China Japan, p. 195, 1S46 (type 



locality: China Seas; Canton). — Geay, List fish British Museum, p. 97, 



1851 (reference).— Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 274, 1913 



(copied). — Norman, Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1926, p. 962, fig. 15 (rostra) 



(Japan, Hiroshima, Inland Sea of Japan). — Schmidt, Trans. Pacific Comm. 



Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., vol. 11, p. 10, 1931 (Nagasaid).— Lin, Sci. Rep. Nat. 



Tsing Hua Univ., ser. b, vol. 1, p. 154, figs. 6-6a, pi. 1, fig. 2 (scales), pi. 3, 



fig. 5, (teeth) 1932 (Tsingtao; Hong Kong). 

 Rhiitobatos hynnicephalus Fowler, Proe. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, 



p. 498, 1930 (reference) ; Hong Kong Nat., vol. 1, No. 3, p. 133, 1930 



(copied). — Wang, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, vol. 9, p. 100, fig. 5, 



1933 (Chusan). 

 Rhinoiatus {Rhinohatus) polyophthalmus Bleeker, Verb. Batav. Genootsch. 



(Japan), vol. 26, p. 129, 1854 (type locality: Nagasaki). 

 Rhinobatus {Syrrhina) polyophthalmus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerland. 



(Japan), vol. 3, No. 3, p. 7, pi. 4, 1858 (Nagasaki, Japan). 

 Rhinobatus polyophthahnus Jordan and Fowler, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, 



p. 646, 1903 (Wakanoura, Hiroshima, Hakata, Nagasaki). — Garman, Mem. 



Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 274, 1913 (China). 

 Rhinobatos polyophthalmus Fowler, Proe. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, 



p. 498, 1930 (reference) ; Hong Kong Nat., vol. 1, p. 133, 1930 (compiled). 

 Rhinobatus schlegeli (not Miiller and Henle) GtJNTHER, Cat. Fishes British Mus., 



vol. 8, p. 446, 1870 (Japan). 

 Raia (Syrrhina) columnae (not Bonaparte) Bleekee, Nederl. Tij<lschr. Dierk, 



vol. 4, p. 115, 1874 (Chinese drawing), 

 Rhinobatus columnae Steindachner, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 11, p. 225, 1896 



(Kobe, Hiogo, Nagasaki). 

 fRhinobatos rhinobatos (not Linnaeus) Wang, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. 



China, vol. 9, p. 102, fig. 6, 1933 (Chusan). 



Snout moderate, bluntly pointed, edges scarcely concave; rostral 

 ridges rather broad, narrowdy separated anteriorly, diverging little 

 posteriorly; eye 4% to ^% in snout, eye with spiracle IV5 to lY^ in 

 space between spiracles; mouth nearly straight, width 3 in preoral 

 length; nostrils moderately long, oblique, 1^2 to 1% mouth width, 

 about 114 times internarial, front valve extending inwards to level 

 of inner nostril edge or little beyond. Outer fold of spiracle mod- 

 erately developed, inner rudimentary or absent, interspiracular width 

 2% to 21/2 in snout. 



Skin covered with minute denticles, smooth to touch ; series of very 

 small, blunt tubercles in median line of back, few around orbits and 

 above spiracles. 



First dorsal about twice high as long, origin distance behind ven- 

 tral base 11/^ to li/4 times interdorsal, base 2l^ to nearly 3 in 

 interdorsal. 



Back brownish with groups of small, blackish-brown spots, some- 

 times forming oval or rounded rings. Markings tend to become less 



156861 — 41 21 



