420 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



tered spines on sides level with spine insertion more numerous and 

 finally rough terminally. 



Tail very slightly shorter than rest of body, depressed before and 

 cylindrical behind spine, which inserted little before first third of 

 tail, length equals head to hind spiracle edge : tail with low cutaneous 

 fold on under surface below caudal spine; pectorals form subquad- 

 rangular disk, length I14 in its width, angle of snout broadly obtuse, 

 front edges indistinctly sinuous, outer angles rounded, posterolater- 

 al borders little convex, nearly straight and form obtuse angle with 

 inner margins; ventrals with convex margins, angles somewhat 

 rounded. 



Uniform pale grayish brown above, white below. Width, 1,080 

 mm. (McCulloch.) 



South Australia, New South Wales, Bass Strait, New Zealand. 



Subgenus Dasyatis Rafinesque 



DASYATIS PASTINACUS (Linnaeus) 



Raja pastinaca Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10., vol. 1, p. 232, 1758 (type locality: 

 Europe). — ForskAl, Descript. Animal., p. XVIII, 1775 (Malta). — Gmelin, 

 Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, p. 1509, 1789 (Europe, Red Sea, Indian Sea.).— Wal- 

 BAUM, Artedi Pise., vol. 3, p. 527, 1792 (on Linnaeus). — Forster, Fauna In- 

 dica, p. 13, 1795.— Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 1, p. 114, 1798 (compiled). 



Trygon pastinaca Bonaparte, Icon. Fauna Italica, Pesci, vol. 3, pt. 2, fasc. 

 6, descr., pi., 1834 (Italy) ; Cat. Metod. Pesci Europei, p. 12, 1846 (Medi- 

 terranean; Atlantic). — Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 9, p. 320, 

 1922 (Natal).— PiLL-\Y, Joum. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 33, p. 353, 1929 

 (Travancore). 



Trigon pastinaca Guighenot, Notes ile Reunion, vol. 2, p. 32, 1863. — Sauvage, 

 Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., p. 4, 1891. 



Dasyatis pastinaca Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, p. 474 

 (Italy; Beirut, Syria) ; 1923, p. 35 (Beirut example). 



Dasyhatus pastinacus Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 389, 1913 

 (Eastern Atlantic; Mediterranean). 



Dasybatis pastinacus Barnard, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 77, 

 pi. 4, fig. 8, 1925 (Agulhas Bank to Natal Coast). 



Trygon vulgaris Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe merid., Poissons, vol. 3, p. 160, 1826 

 (type locality: Nice). 



Pastinaca laevis Gray, Cat. Fish Gronow, p. 11, 1854 (type locality : Atlantic 

 coasts of Europe). 



Trygon pastinaca var. marmorata Steindachner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

 math.-Nat. Kl., vol. 59, p. 381, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1892 (type locality: Bay of 

 Gore6, Senegambia). 



Depth 51/^ to 7 in length of disk (measured to hind pectoral edge) ; 

 head to first gill opening 24^. Snout 1% to 1% in head ; eye 5 to 7, 

 4 to 51/^ in snout, 3 to 31/2 in interorbital ; mouth width 2% to 3% in 

 head to first gill opening; teeth in 23 to 33 rows above, 22 to 32 be- 

 low, small, with obtuse points or cusps ; preoral length 1% to 1% in 

 head; internarial 2% to 3^^; interorbital II/2 to 1%? depressed, with 



