438 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Rhachinotus (not Gray 1831 or Serville 1832) Cantob, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Ben- 

 gal, vol. 18, p. 404, 1849. (Type, Raja africana Schneider, monotypic. 

 Rhachinotus Cantor proposed to replace Anacanthus Miiller and Henle. ) 



Body disciform, partly circular. Tail long, slender, tapers, without 

 spine or fins other than narrow cutaneous subcaudal at some stages. 

 No rostral cartilage. Mouth undulate, transverse. Teeth tessel- 

 lated, flattened, rhomboid. Spiracles large, close behind eyes. Scales 

 tubercular, with broad rounded to polygonal bases, varying in shape, 

 size, and numbers with age. No dorsal. Pectorals meet at front 

 of disk, margins and angles rounded. Ventrals short, wide. 



UROGYMNUS AFRICANUS (Schneider) 



Raja africana Schneider, Syst. Ichtli. Blocb, p. 367, 1801 (type locality: 

 Guinea). 



Anacanthus afi'icanus Muxlee and Henle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiostomen, p. 157, 

 1841 (Red Sea; Guinea). 



Rhachinotus africanus Cantor, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 18, p. 1404, 1849 

 (Pinang). — Blekker, "Verb. Batav. Genootsch. (Plagiost.), vol. 24, p. 65, 

 1852 (Red Sea; Guinea) ; Nat. Tijdschr. Nederland, Indie, vol. 4, p. 514, 1853 

 (Batavia). — Gabman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, p. 374, 1913 (Indian 

 Ocean; East Indies). — Chevey, Inst. Oceanogr. Indochine, 19' note, p. 7, 

 1932 (Cochinchina). 



Urogymnus africanus Dum^bil, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 581, 1865 

 (copied). — Ogilby, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 5, p. 88, 1916 (Darnley Is- 

 land). — McCtJLLocH and Whitley, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 

 130, 1925 (reference).— Fowler, Proc. 4th (1929) Pacific Sci. Congr., Java, 

 p. 504, 1930 (reference) ; List Fish. Malaya, p. 18 (246), 1938 (reference). 



Raja asperrima Schneider, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, p. 367, 1801 (type locality : Indian 

 Ocean, Bombay). 



Raja asperrimus MiJLLEB and Henle, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Charleswortb, vol. 

 2, p. 90, 1838 (name). 



Urogymnus asperrimus Gray, List fish British Museum, p. 115, 1851 (refer- 

 ence). — DuM^EiL, Hist. Nat. Elasmobr., vol. 1, p. 580, 1865 (Seychelles). — 

 GtJNTHEE, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 8, p. 471, 1870 (India, Pinang, Africa, 

 Seychelles). — Jouan, Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, ser. 2, vol. 5, 

 p. 106, 1870 (Seychelles). — Klunzingeb, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 21, 

 p. 684, 1871 (Red Sea).— Day, Fishes of India, pt. 4, p. 736, pi. 195, fig. 1, 

 1878 (Madras Museum). — Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 

 vol. 5, p. 312, 1880 (Cape York); vol. 6, p. 376, 1881 (Cape York).— 

 Ogilby, Cat. Fishes Australian Mus., pt. 1, p. 18, 1888 (Kingsmill Islands). 

 —Day, Fauna Brit. India, Fishes, vol. 1, p. 48, fig. 20, 1889.— Boulengeb, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, p. 243 (Muscat).— Saxjvage, Hist. Nat. 

 Madagascar, Poiss., p. 510, 1891. — Duncker, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 

 vol. 21, 1903, p. 193, 1904 (Kuala Langat). — Annandale, Mem. Indian Mus., 

 vol. 2, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 8 (mouth), pi. 5, figs. 2-2a, 1909 (off Chittagong 

 Island) ; vol. 3, p. 3, 1910.— Southwell, Ceylon Administr. Rep., 1912-13, 

 pp. E47 (descriptive) E49. — Zugmayer, Abb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.- 

 phys. Kl., vol. 26, p. 8, 1913 (Oman). — Weber, Siboga Exped., Fische, vol. 57, 

 p. 602, fig. 123, 1913 (Lumu-Lumu, Borneo Bank).— Pearson, Ceylon, Ad- 

 ministr. Rep. 1915-18, p. F13. — Tirant, Service Oceanogr. P§ches Indo- 



