FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 439 



Chine, 6^ note, p. 76, 1929 (Cholou). — Fowler, Mem. Bishop Mus., vol. 11, 



no. 5, p. 314, 1931 (reference). — Suvatti, Index Fish. Siam, p. 5, 1937 (Ko- 



Chang). 

 Urogymiis asperriimis Peaeson, Ceylon Administr. Kep., 1915-18, p. F12 (error). 

 Anacanthus asperrimus Muxler and Henle, Syst. Beschr. Flagiostomen, p. 157, 



pi. 60, figs. 5-7, 18-11 (India). 

 TJrogymnns rhomheus Klukzinger, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 21, p. 683 



1871 (type locality: Koseir, Red Sea). 

 TJrogymnns laevoir Annandaxe, Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 2, p. 37, 1909 (type 



locality: Malpe, South Canara on Malabar Coast). 



Head to hind spiracle edge 8% in total length. Snout 2 in head 

 to hind spiracle edge; eye 5, 2% in snout, 4 in interorbital ; mouth 

 waved, inner buccal fold fringed, 3 to 5 oral papillae on mouth 

 floor; teeth blunt, broader than long, in 48 rows; front nasal valves 

 confluent, fringed posteriorly; interorbital 1% in head to hind spir- 

 acle edge. Spiracle close behind and larger than eye, interspiracle 

 114 in head to hind spiracle edge. 



Scales tubercular, unequal, more or less striated, with rounded 

 bases where not in contact, with polygonal bases where crowded and 

 with cusps short to long, acute, blunt or rounded to depressed and 

 shovel-shaped. 



Tail long, tapering, with or without narrow fold below according 

 to age; pectorals form suboval disk, more pointed backward and 

 with slight prominence at snout end, width 1% in its length, which 

 equals tail or 2 in tail length; ventrals well covered by pectorals. 



Yellowish to whitish on tubercles, skin dark brown where exposed. 

 (Day; Garman.) 



Ked Sea, Arabia, East Africa, Seychelles, India, Ceylon, Malay 

 Peninsula, Pinang, East Indies, Indo China, Queensland, Melanesia. 

 According to Annandale the disk length reaches 1,125 mm. 



Genus UROLOPHUS Muller and Henle 



Urolophvs MJJULER and Henle, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 17, 1837. 

 (Type, Raja cruciata Lacepede.) 



Leioiatus (not Walbaum or Rafinesque) Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 

 vol. 8, p. 121, 1816. (Type, Leiohaius sloani Blainville, designated by Jor- 

 dan and Evermann, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, p. 95, 1917.) 



Trygonoptera Muixer and Henle, Syst. Beschr. Flagiostomen, p. 174, 1841. 

 (Type, Raja testacea (Banks) Miiller and Henle, monotypic.) 



Disk partly quadrangular, narrower behind, front edges waved, 

 meeting at blunt angle in front, outer and hinder angles rounded. 

 Tail shorter than body, stout, with spine. Snout little produced. 

 Papillae at mouth floor. A small doreal variably present or absent. 

 Caudal short, moderately deep, rounded behind. Ventrals short, 

 broad, front and hind rays subequal, directed back. 



156861 — 41 29 



