FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 479 



cal or subtropical seas and are usually found floating near the surface, 

 especially in situations where vast areas of plankton and neckton 

 occur. Their weak dentition and modified branchial apparatus prob- 

 ably serve to strain out the minute organisms, like the branchial 

 strainers of Cetorhinus and Rhincodon^ as the water flows through 

 their gill slits. Owing to their immense size and the fear of native 

 fishermen, specimens are seldom brought to museums intact. Like 

 other large marine animals our knowledge of them is therefore very 

 fragmentary or unsatisfactory and often confused or erroneous.^" 

 So far as known they are viviparous, producing but several young 

 in a season. 



ANALYSIS OF GENERA 



0*. MoBXH^mAE. Mouth inferioi- ; teeth in both jaws or at least in upper jaw. 



Mobula 



o*. Cephaxopterinae. Mouth anterior or terminal; teeth usually only on lower 



jaw, sometimes in both jaws Manta 



Genus MOBULA Rafinesque 



Mohula Rafinesque, Indice d'ittiologia siciliana, pp. 48, 61, 1810. (Type, MoMla 



aunculata Rafinesque, monotypic.) 

 Apterurus Rafinesque, Indice d'ittiologia siciliana, pp. 48, 62, 1810. (Type, Raja 



fabroniana Lac^p&de, monotypic.) 

 Apturus CuviER, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 1, p. 215, 1828. (Type, Raja faironiana 



Lacep^de. ) 

 Cephalopterus (not Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809) (Dum^ril) Risso, Ichth. Nice, 



p. 14, 1810. (Type, Raja giorna Lac6pede=i2aia cephaloptera Schneider, 



virtually tautotypic.) 

 Cephaloptera (Dumeril) Cia'Ier, Regne animal, vol. 2, p. 138, 1817. (Type, 



Raja cephaloptera Schneider, monotypic.) 

 Cephalopteram Griffith and Smith, Animal Kingd. Cuvier, Griffith's, vol. 10, 



p. 17, 1834. (Type, Raja giorna Lac^pede.) 

 Dicerobatus Blainviixe, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, vol. 8, p. 121, 1816. (Type, 



Raja mobtilar Bonnatekke, designated by Jordan and Evermann, Genera 



of fishes, pt. 1, p. 95, 1917.) 

 Dicerobatis Blainviixe, Faune Francjaise, Vertebr., p. 40, 1825. (Type, Raja 



mobular Bonnaterre.) 

 Diarobatus Agassiz, Nomenclat. Zool., Pisces, p. 22, 1845. (Type, Raja mobular 



Bonnaterre.) 

 Pterocephalus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 1, pp. 170, 174, 1838. (Type, 



Raja cephaloptera Schneider.) (.Pterocephalus Schneider 1887, Liustow 1899, 



Raw 1908, in invertebrates precluded.) 

 Pterocephala Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, Fishes, vol. 2, p. 319, 1839. (Type, 



Raja giorna Lacep^de, monotypic.) 



Tail slender, whiplike, with or without serrated spine. Head broad, 

 flat, truncate. Rostrum short, broad, sharp-edged anteriorly. Mouth 

 wide, inferior. Teeth on both jaws, small, numerous, in pavement. 

 Internarial space wide. Dorsal fin between ventrals. Eostral fins 



wQUl, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 52, p. 155, figs. 1908. 



