FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 517 



Sauvage and DeThiersant, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 6, vol. 1, Zool., p. 18, 1874 

 (China).— Eleea, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, p. 63, 1895 (Luzon, Cavite, 

 Santa Cruz [doubtful, perhaps imported market specimens]). — Nichols, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Plist., vol. 58, art. 1, p. 2, 1928 (reference).— 

 Mori, Journ. Pan Pacific Res. Inst., vol. 3, p. 3, 1928 (Reisui, Korea). — 

 Wu, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, vol. 5, No. 4, p. 15, fig. 11, 1929 

 (Amoy). — Fowler, Hong Kong Nat., No. 6, p. 4, 1938 (Hongkong). 



Depth 6% to subcaudal origin; head 2%. Snout 1% in head, 

 elongately triangular; eye 14%, 8 in snout; barbels short, thin, much 

 nearer eye than snout tip ; interorbital moderately low. 



Dorsal plates 17, with strong spine and rugose striate; 40 or 41 

 lateral plates, each with keel, overlapping; vertical row of minute 

 denticles between preopercle and opercle, skin of body otherwise 

 entirely smooth. 



Dorsal origin close behind ends of depressed ventrals, front fin 

 edge 2% in head, rays 50; anal begins nearly opposite middle of 

 dorsal base, fin length 3% ; caudal 1% in head, front subcaudal edge 

 21/2 ; pectoral 2i^ ; ventral 4l^. 



Back dull plum color to row of lateral scutes, rest of body more or 

 less pale brownish on fins and armature, otherwise whitish. (Gray; 

 Giinther.) 



China, Amoy, Korea. Dumeril's specimen was 280 mm. and he 

 gives dorsal rays 47, anal 30. 



Series TELEOSTEI 



Skeleton bony, firm. Air bladder, if present, not cellular or 

 functional as lung, usually simple or with slender duct communi- 

 cating with intestinal tract. Optic nerves crossing, not forming 

 solid chiasma. Arterial bulb thin, with pair of opposite valves. 

 Intestine simple, without spiral valve. Armature, when present, 

 usually of scales of rounded design. Tail homocercal. 



The remaining vast group of living fishes, not included in the 

 small series of ganoids, is included in the present assemblage. It 

 contains largely very heterogeneous orders, sometimes made up of 

 various forms apparently dissimilar. 



Order Isospondyli 



Bones of jaws developed. Maxillary wide, distinct from pre- 

 maxillary, forms part of upper edge of mouth gape. Opercular 

 apparatus distinct, complete. Pharyngeal bones simple above and 

 below, lower not scythe shaped. Gill openings wide. Gills four, 

 slit behind fourth. Air bladder small or absent, with duct when 

 present. Skeleton mostly firmly ossified. Symplectic bone present. 

 No interclavicles. Front vertebrae simple, not modified, without 



