578 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



U.S.N.M. No. 82905. Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. U. S. Exploring Expedition. 



Length, 180 mm., caudal damaged. 

 U.S.N.M. No. 82906. Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. U. S. Exploring Expedition. 



Length, 150 mm., caudal damaged. 

 A.N.S.P. Nos. 28009 to 28013. Hawaiian Islands. Bureau of Fisheries. Length, 



70-216 mm. 

 A.N.S.P. No. 28021. Hawaiian Islands. Bureau of Fisheries. 



Family CLUPEIDAE 



Body oblong or elongate, mostly compressed. Head usually com- 

 pressed. Snout never prominent. Premaxillaries not x^rotractile. 

 Mouth rather large. Jaws usually nearly equal. Teeth small, fee- 

 ble or absent. Hind lower part of opercular region often with 

 angular emargination, tips of larger branchiostegals abruptly trun- 

 cate. Gills 4, slit behind last. Gill membranes separate, free from 

 isthmus. Branchiostegals 6 to 15. Pseudobranchiae present. Ver- 

 tebrae 40 to 56. Ovaries with oviduct. Scales thin, loose, cycloid, 

 sometimes pectinate. Belly rounded or compressed, always with 

 bony serratures, with or without spines. Dorsal median or some- 

 what posterior, rarely absent. Anal usually somewhat long. Caudal 

 forked. Ventrals moderate or small. 



A large family found in all warm seas. Many of the species are 

 noteworthy for their abundance in individuals. 



ANALYSIS OF GENERA 



a\ Clupein^ve. Anal moderate, rays 15 to 25; jaws equal; ventrals well 

 developed. 

 &'. One continuous anal, 

 c^. Predorsal without median row of scutes. 

 «P. Dorsal origin before ventral origin. 

 e\ Upper jaw without median notch. 

 f. Last 2 anal rays equal, not enlarged. 

 g^. Vomer with patch of small persistent teeth ; vertebrae 46 to 51. 



Clupea 



fir". Vomer without persistent teeth ; vertebrae 39 to 44 Harengula 



f. Last 2 anal rays enlarged ; transverse grooves on scales paired, 

 their inner ends separated by interspace. 

 7i*. Opercle smooth, with obsolete or few if any striae- Sardinella 



h^. Opercle with radiating striae well developed Arengus 



e'. Upper jaw with distinct median notch. 



i". Lateral scales 40 to 50, transversely 13 to 20 Macrura 



i^ Lateral scales 75 to 100, transversely 27 to 34 Gudusia 



ve*. Dorsal origin behind ventral origin Kov>rala 



&. Predorsal as well as abdomen with median row of scutes. 



;\ Premaxillaries little emarginate anteriorly ; maxillary 

 narrow; branchiostegals 8 or 9; dorsal insertion pre- 



median Potamalosa 



f. Premaxillaries moderately emarginate anteriorly ; maxil- 

 lary wide; branchiostegals 4; dorsal insertion median 

 or postmedian Hyperlophus 



