FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 601 



fin very finely specked with brown, also caudal. Body otherwise uni- 

 form, and other fins hyaline. 



Length, 100 to 136 mm. (Chabanaud.) 



Gulf of Suez. 



Genus SARDINELLA Valenciennes 



Sardinella Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 20, p. 28, 1847. (Type, 8ar- 

 dinella aiirita Valenciennes, designated by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila- 

 delphia, 1861, p. 35.) 



Cliipconia Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 20, p. 345, 1847. (Type, Clupan- 

 odon jussieu Lacepede, designated by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 

 phia, 1861, p. 35.) 



AmNygaster Bleeker, Journ. Indian Arch., vol. 3, p. 73, 1849. (Type, Atribly- 

 gaster clupeoides Bleeker, monotypic.) 



Sardinia Poey, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, p. 310, 1858-61. (Type, Sardinia 

 pseiidohispanica Poey, monotypic.) 



Body compressed. Belly keeled, without scutes. Adipose eyelids 

 small. No distinct median notch in upper jaw. Teeth feeble, on 

 palatines and tongue. Opercle without radiating striae. Vertical 

 edge of cleithrum covered with dermal fold furnished with 2 obtuse 

 knobs equidistant and with shallow between. Pseudobranchiae pres- 

 ent. Branchiostegals 6. Scales larger, usually firm, with inter- 

 rupted transverse striae. Anal long, last 2 rays enlarged. Ventrals 

 opposite dorsal. 



Tropical seas. Species valued mostly as food fishes and for their 

 oil. 



ANALYSIS OF SPECIES 



a\ Sardinella. Ventral scutes sharp, keeled, exposed. 



6*. Ventral rays 9; dark spot at upper hind edge of opercle. 



c\ Eye 3% to 4'/^ in head; lower gill rakers 110 to 160 allecia 



c^ Eye 5 to 6 in head; lower gill rakers 180 to 250 longiceps 



6*. Ventral rays S; dark spot at bases of front dorsal rays. 

 d\ Depth 21/2 to 27/8. 



e\ Lower gill rakers 130; eye 3% in head dayi 



e'. Lower gill rakers 55 to 65; eye 3 to 3% albella 



e^ Lower gill rakers 48 to 55; eye 3% to 3% perforata 



d\ Depth 3 to 4; eye 31/2 to 4. 



f. Lower gill rakers 96 to 102 samarensis 



f. Lower gill rakers 70 to 75 fimbriata 



f. Lower gill rakers 58 to 62 sindensis 



f. Lower gill rakers 50 to 55 jussieu 



f. Lower gill rakers 38 to 44 melanura 



a^. Ambltgastbx. Ventral scutes little evident, scarcely protrude from groove 

 containing them. 



g^. Depth 4% to aV^ ; lower gill rakers 36 to 40; eye 3% to 4% in 

 head ; maxillary reaches nearly or quite to eye ; ventral below 



front half of dorsal sirm 



g\ Depth 41/5 to 4%. 

 ?^^ Maxillary not reaching eye; scutes 164-13 or 14__ clupeoides 

 ft-'. Maxillary reaches below pupil ; scutes 20-|-15 posterus 



