FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 579 



5^ Anal divided, second detaclied as 2 enlarged connected rays Corica 



a'. Odontognathinae. Anal very long, witb more tban 30 rays; lower jaw 

 prominent ; veutrals small or absent. 



k\ Toothed bone between terminal end of premaxillary and 



middle of maxillary Pellona 



7^-^ Ligament between terminal end of premaxillary and 

 middle of maxillary. 



?'. Ventrals present Ilisha 



f. No ventrals. 

 w\ Dorsal present ; maxillary broadly rounded behind, 



not extending beyond eye center Opistliopterus 



m". Dorsal absent ; maxillary tapers behind with age, 

 extends to gill opening or beyond Raconda 



Genus CLUPEA Linnaeus 



Chipea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 317, 1758. (Type, Clupea haren- 



gus Linnaeus, designated by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, 



p. 35.) 

 Rogenia Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 20, p. 248, 1847. (Type, Rogenia 



alba Valenciennes, monotypic.) 

 Uropterina Lioy, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, vol. 8, p. 113, 1865. (Type, 



Uropterma platyrhacJiis Lioy, monotypic.) (Fossil.) 

 Ma-ugeclupea Whitley, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 18, p. 332, 1932. (Type, 



Clupea hassensis McCulloch, orthotypic.) 



Body elongate, compressed. Maxillary reaches below anterior or 

 middle part of eye. Lower jaw projects, upper not notched. Teeth 

 minute, present or absent on vomer. Opercle smooth. Lower gill 

 rakers 34 to 51. Scales 44 to 65 in medial lateral series, 12 to 16 trans- 

 versely. Vertebrae 42 to 59. Dorsal rays 14 to 21, origin nearly 

 median from snout tip and caudal base. Anal rays 14 to 23, last 2 

 not enlarged. Caudal forked, without enlarged scales. Ventral rays 

 7 to 10, inserted below or before middle of dorsal. 



Species rather few and found in the cooler seas of the globe. In 

 northern seas the individuals are often excessively numerous. 

 Spawning marine. 



The reference to Clupea cultrata in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 

 3, p. 367, 1834, is of uncertain identity. Called "Chalwa" and "The 

 Jumna runs about three miles south of the village, the Ganges 14 

 miles north by east," the ground was "strewed with fish, in number 

 not less than three or four thousand," evidently having fallen from 

 a violent wind storm. 



ANALYSIS OF SPECIES 



o\ Ventral rays 9 (rarely 8 or 10), origin behind dorsal origin; vomer toothed; 

 preopercle broad as opercle ; lower gill rakers 40 to 51 ; D. 17 to 20 ; A. 14 



to 20; vertebrae 50 to 59 pallasii 



a". Ventral rays 8, origin nearly opposite dorsal origin ; vomer toothless, seldom 

 with minute teeth ; opercle broader than preopercle ; lower gill rakers 

 34 to 41 ; D. 15 to 19 ; A. 17 to 21 ; vertebrae 34 to 41. 



