666 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Archipelago; type; type of Apterygia ramcarate). — Hakdenberg, Treubia, 



vol. 13, Livr. 1, p. 112, 1931 (Bagan Si Api Api). — CHE^^, Inst. Oc^anogr. 



Indochine, 19* note, p. 10, 1932 (Indo China). — Hebee and Myiks, Raffles 



Mus. Bull., No. 13, p. 12, 1937 (Sumatra coast 100 miles west of Singapore). 

 Raconda ruseliana Tirant, Service Oceanogr. Peches Indo-Chine, 6" note, p. 122, 



1929 (Cochinchina). 

 Pristigastei' russellianus GDnther, Cat. Fishes British Mus., vol. 7, p. 462, 1868 



(Bengal; types; type of Apterygia ramcarate; Pinang). 

 Apterygia ramcarate Gray, Illustr. Indian Zool. Hardwicke, vol. 2, pi. 92, fig. 1, 



1832-34 (type locality: Sanger Rocks). 

 Apterygia hamiltoni Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 20, p. 333, 1847 



(on Gray). 



Depth % to 4, ventral profile more convex than dorsal, especially 

 convex forward ; head 5% to 6, dorsal profile concave. Snout shorter 

 than eye, which 3 to SVs in head; maxillary reaches below anterior 

 part of eye, with age I/2 in eye; lower jaw very oblique, projecting; 

 ridges on head diverge posteriorly. Lower gill rakers 22 to 26. 



Scales 60 to 64 in medial lateral series; 12 transversely. Ventral 

 scutes 33 to 37, weak. 



A. 83 to 92, origin much nearer mandible tip than caudal base, 

 base length 1% in body length ; pectorals equal or little longer than 

 head. (Norman.) 



Narrow dark or blackish band along back, sides yellowish, below 

 silvery. Deep brown or black spot on shoulder, sometimes continued 

 on opercle. Length about 200 mm (Weber and Beaufort.) 



India, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra. 



Family ENGRAULIDAE 



Body oblong or elongate, more or less compressed. Belly sharp 

 or rounded, with more or less numerous, keeled abdominal scutes. 

 Snout prominent, usually overlaps mouth. Eye moderate or en- 

 larged, advanced, without adipose eyelid. Mouth very large, border 

 formed of very small premaxillaries, which separated at symphysis, 

 and long narrow maxillary, which may be greatly extended and with 

 two supplemental bones. Teeth uniserial, usually small, sometimes 

 obsolete, rarely canines. Small teeth on vomer, palatines, pterygoids 

 and tongue. Gill membranes more or less united, free from isthmus. 

 Gill rakers long, slender. Pseudobranchiae present. Scales thin, 

 modified or large, cycloid, mostly deciduous. No lateral line. Fins 

 variable. Dorsal usually short and median, above or before usually 

 long anal. No adipose dorsal. Caudal forked. 



Small gregarious fishes, mostly translucent, on all warm sandy 

 shores. 



Engraulis coTn'pressus Elera, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, p. 580, 1895 

 (Luzon, Manila), I am at a loss to locate, as it should in no way 

 be confused with the Californian Anchoviella comp-ressa (Girard). 



