FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 669 



side of lower jaw, on maxillary somewhat less than those of mandible 

 still quite large anteriorly, graduating to small teeth on posterior 

 end ; small teeth on vomer, palatines and pterygoids ; opercle smooth, 

 except single groove near and parallel with front edge and small 

 hidden spine on its upper anterior portion. Lower gill rakers 14, 

 thin, curved, longest IV5 in eye. 



Scales 42 in medial lateral series; 12 transversely. Scales with 

 striae incomplete, very little network of lines showing. Abdominal 

 scutes 16 + 11, begin before pectorals. 



D. 1-13, origin midway between hind eye edge and caudal base, base 

 l%o in longest ray; A. 46, inserted below last dorsal ray, base 2% in 

 standard length ; caudal forked, slightly longer than head, lower lobe 

 longer; pectoral equals head without snout, tip reaches middle of 

 ventral ; ventral rays 7, inserted far before dorsal origin. 



Silvery, brownish above, no dark venules on scapular region. 

 Length 208 mm. (Jordan and Scale.) 



India, Burma, Siam. 



Genus THRISSOCLES Jordan and Evermann 



Thrissocles Jordan and Eveemann, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, p. 98, 1917. (Type, 



Cliipea setirostris Broussonet, orthotypic.) 

 Thrissa (not Raflnesque 1815) Cuvieb, Regne animal, vol. 2, p. 176, 1817. (Type, 



Clvpea setirostris Broussonet, designated by Jordan and Evermann, Genera 



of Fishes, pt. 1, p. 98, 1917.) 

 Thryssa Cuvieb, Regne animal, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 323, 1829. (Type, Clupea 



setirostris Broussonet. ) 

 Thryssus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 1, p. 279(280), 1838. (Type, 



Clupea setirostris Broussonet.) 

 Triclwsoma (not Rudolphi 1819) Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 2, p. 292, 



1839. (Type, Thrissa hamiltoni Gray, monotypic.) 

 Scutcngraulis Jordan and Seale, Copeia, No. 141, p. 30, 1925. (Type, Thrissa 



hamiltoni Gray, orthotypic.) 

 Thrissina Jordan and Seale, Copeia, No. 141, p. 30, 1925. (Type, Clupea 



taelama Forsk&l, orthotypic.) 



Body oblong or elongate, compressed. Abdominal scutes well de- 

 veloped, extend from gill opening to vent. Snout prominent or 

 short. Maxillary moderate, produced, sometimes reaches anal. 

 Mouth oblique. Teeth minute, in jaws and on palate and tongue. 

 Lower gill rakers 10 to 28. Branchiostegals 11 to 13. Vertebrae 

 39 to 45. Scales moderate, more or less deciduous. Dorsal origin 

 usually before anal, with free spine in front. Anal origin below last 

 dorsal rays, rays 16 to 50. Pectorals reach ventrals, upper ray not 

 produced. 



Indian Ocean, East Indies, China. Mostly small species feeding 

 on plankton and living in large schools. 



