FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 677 



short horizontal lines. Dorsal and caudal pale brownish, other fins 

 tinged yellowish. 



India, Malaya, East Indies, Siam, Indo-China, China, Philippines, 

 Queensland. 



U.S.N.M. No. 6424. Bonin Islands. William Stimpson. Length, 200 mm. 

 U.S.N.M. No. 72522. Batavia, Java. 1909. Bryant and Palmer. Length, 132 



mm. Maxillary reaches pectoral origin. Lower gill rakers 15. As Engraulis 



pooraivah. 

 U.S.N.M. No. 72524. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length, 175 mm. 

 4 examples. A.N.S.P. Honk Kong. April 1929. Henry \V. Fowler. Length, 

 139-228 mm. 



THRISSOCLES PURAVA (Buchanan Hamilton) 



Clupea piirava Buchanan-Hamilton, Fishes of Ganges, pp. 238, 382, 1822 (type 

 locality: Ganges estuaries). 



Engraulis purava Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 21, p. 65, 1848 (mouth 

 of Ariantoupang River, Coromandel). — Cantor, Joum. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 

 vol. 18, p. 1290, 1849 (Pinang).— Bleekeb, Verb. Batav. Genootsch. (Ben- 

 gal.), vol. 25, p. 74, 1S53 (reference) ; Atlas Ichth. Ind. N^erland., vol. 6, 

 p. 135, 1866-72 (compiled). — Gunthee, Cat. Fishes British Mus., vol. 7, 

 p. 397, 1868 (Kurrachee, Cochin, Calcutta).— Day, Fishes of India, pt 4, 

 p. 628, pi. 157, fig. 2, 1878 (Sind) ; Fauna British India, Fishes, vol. 1, p. 

 393, 1889. — Weber and Beattfort, Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago, vol. 

 2, p. 39, 1913 (compiled). — Fowler, Jonrn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 

 30, No. 1, p. 40, 1924 (Calicut).— Fowler and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 vol. 71, p. 2, 1927 (Benkoelen, Sumatra ) .—Fowler, Mem. Bishop Mus., vol. 

 10, p. 32, 1928 (Bonin Islands).— Pillat, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 

 vol. 33, p. 356, 1929 (Travancore). 



Thrissocles purava Fowler, List Fish. Malaya, p. 36, 1938 (reference). 



Clupea mystus (not Linnaeus) Citpier, Regne animal, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 323, 1829 

 (on Peddah pooraivah Russell, Fishes of Coromandel, vol. 2, p. 73, pi. 190, 

 1803, Vizagapatam). 



Thryssa megastoma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, Fishes, vol. 2, p. 293, 1838 

 (on Peddah poorawah Russell). 



Engraulis samam Thiollt&rb, Fauna Woodlark, p. 209, 1857 (Woodlark Island). 



Engraulis hornelU Fowleb, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 30, No. 1, p. 41, 

 1924 (type locality: Calicut). 



Depth 3 to 31/4; head 33^ to Zf^, width 21/2 to 23/5. Snout 4 to 

 414 in head; eye Zy^ to 3%, greater than snout, equals eye, lids not 

 free ; maxillary reaches slightly beyond gill opening, not to pectoral, 

 slender; teeth very small, uniserial in jaws, extend along lower max- 

 illary edge to its hind end; interorbital 3l^ to 3%, convex; opercle 

 smooth. Gill rakers 16+17, twice gill filaments or I14 in eye. 



Scales 35 to 40 in median lateral series to caudal base and 3 more 

 on latter, very caducous. Abdominal serrae 15 or 16 + 9. Scales 

 with 9 or 10 vertical parallel striae, often incomplete, apical usually 

 closed and even with few annectent branches; circuli fine, vertically 

 parallel. 



