FiSHteS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 777 



short, its origin below hind half of dorsal, front rudimentary rays 

 spinous and last strongly ossified and serrated behind. 



Large fishes of the fresh waters of Asia, now widely introduced 

 into various parts of the world as food fishes. 



CYPRINUS CARPIO Linnaeus 



Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed., 10, vol. 1, p. 320, 1758 (type locality: 

 Europe).— GuNTHEB, Cat. Fishes British Mus., vol. 7, p. 25, 1868 (Europe, 

 China, Amoy, Formosa, Japan, Java). — EIeere, Proc. Pan Pacific Sci. Congr., 

 Australia, vol. 2, 1923, p. 1568, 1924 (naturalized in rivers of Cotabato 

 Province ; Lake Nunungan, Lauap Province, Mindanao) ; Philippine Journ. 

 Sci., vol. 24, p. 271 (introduced from Hong Kong to Manila, Dulauan, 

 Pulangi River; 1916 planted in Lakes Dapao and Nunungan), p. 705, 1924 

 (reference). — Roxas and Martin, Dept. Agr. Comm. Manila Tech. Bull. 6, 

 p. 40, 1937 (reference). — Fowler, List Fish. Malaya, p. 68, 1938 (reference). 



? Cyprinus fossicola Elera, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, p. 578, 1895 (Luzon, Cavite, 

 Santa Cruz). 



Depth 2% to 23/5; head 2% to SVs, width 1% to 1%, Snout 21/2 

 to 3 in head; eye 5 to 51/4, 1% to 2 in snout, 13^4 to 214 in inter- 

 orbital; maxillary reaches % to % to eye, length 3 to 3l^ in head; 

 front barbel % to equal to eye, hind barbel 5 to 5% in head; lower 

 jaw included in upper; interorbital 2% to 2%, broadly convex; sub- 

 orbitals cover about 1^ to cheek to preopercle ridge. Gill rakers 

 4 + 13, lanceolate, y^ of gill filaments, which 4 in head. Pharyngeal 

 teeth 1, 1, 3-3, 1, 1, robust, molarlike, with crowns flattened or some- 

 what furrowed. 



Scales 30 to 32 in lateral line to caudal base and 3 more on latter ; 

 6 above, 5 below, 11 to 13 predorsal, 16 around caudal peduncle. 

 Scales with 24 basal and 67 apical radiating striae; circuli finely 

 concentric, imperfect apically. 



D. IV, 19, I to 21, I, fourth spine enlarged, osseous, hind edges 

 with upper half at least strongly serrate, first branched ray 1% to 

 2 in head; A. Ill, 5, i, third spine enlarged, osseous, hind edges 

 strongly serrated terminally, first branched ray 1% to 1^^; least 

 depth of caudal peduncle 2 to 21/3 ; pectoral 1% to II/2 1 ventral li/o 

 to 1% ; caudal 23^4 to 31/5 in rest of body, well forked, lobes pointed. 



Above olive-brown, under surfaces pale to whitish. Iris pale. 

 Dorsal and caudal dull brownish, other fins pale to whitish. 



Asia, East Indies. Introduced in the Philippines. 

 5944 to 5946, 7512. Hongkong market. August 13, 1908. Length, 205-224 mm. 



Genus CARASSIUS Nilsson 



Cara^sius Nilsson, Prodr. Ichth. Scandinav., p. 32, 1832. (Type, Cyprinus 



carassins Linnaeus, tautotypic.) 

 Cyprinopsis Fitzinger, Beitr. Landesk. Oesterreich., vol. I, p. 384, 1832. (Type, 



CypHnus auratus Linnaeus.) 



