108 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES ISrATIOISTAL MUSEUM 



For the present I prefer to keep schoanus separate, although the 

 material seen (six specimens) is not too convincing. 



The present race, then, has an extensive range covering the fol- 

 lowing area: Central Tanganyika Territory (Dodoma and Saranda) 

 through the Unyamwezi districts to Kenya Colony, all of Kenya 

 Colony except the coastal area north of Lamu (mouth of the Tana 

 River), eastern and northern Uganda (Nile Province and Turkwell 

 districts), southeastern Sudan (Mongalla, Lado, Rejaf), and the 

 Shoan Lake districts (north to the Abaya Lakes). Two specimens 

 from Lake Zwai and the Arussi Plateau, however, are nearer to 

 schoanus. In south central Ethiopia grantii seems to be a lowland 

 bird, getting up to about 4,500 feet ; while schoanus, in its southern 

 range, at least, is found higher up in the mountains, but not at any 

 very great altitudes. 



The long series of grantii illustrates the various types of plumage 

 with the exception only of the natal down. The juvenal plumage 

 varies in darkness just as does the adult feathering. Thus, a juvenal 

 female "still attended by parents," collected in the Endoto Moun- 

 tains, is very light, while three young males from Ethiopia are much 

 darker and differ among themselves in the intensity of their colora- 

 tion. The feathers of the forehead, crown, and occiput have broad 

 grayish brown margins in juvenal birds, while older birds have 

 these feathers with browner, darker, less grayish borders. Also in 

 young birds the feathers of the upper back are transversely marked 

 with blackish bands as in adult females. Van Someren ^- writes 

 that in the juvenal plumage the superciliaries are buff, but in the 

 specimens at hand these streaks are whitish as in adults. The red- 

 dish throat and neck spots are not present until the following 

 plumage, when they appear first as a transverse throat line of tri- 

 angular, terminal chestnut patches on the feathers and a few black 

 spots from the gape to the inferior hind margin of the eye. Then 

 reddish-tipped feathers grow in on either side between the throat 

 band and the auriculars, meeting the black subocular spots, and 

 finally the throat band grows wider in a posterior direction. The 

 wing molt is a topic worth investigation. The material examined 

 indicates that the fourth or fifth (from the outside) primaries are 

 the first to be replaced, after which molt proceeds in both directions. 

 The post-juvenal molt is a complete one. 



In the adults great variations in coloration and, to a lesser extent, 

 in size, are the rule, making it difficult to give a detailed descrip- 

 tion of the typical plumage. The sexes are easily distinguished 

 by the pattern of the upper parts, the feathers of the scapulars, 



5' Journ. K. Afr. and Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc. 1926, p. 38. 



