98 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Some specimens of tinnunculus are very similar to F. 7iaumanni 

 but may be identified in any plumage by the color of the claws which 

 are blackish in the former and light yellow in the latter. The dif- 

 ference is distinct even in old skins. 



FALCO TINNUNCULUS CARLO (Hartert and Neumann) 



Cerchneis tinnunculus carlo Habtert and Netjmank, Journ. f. Ornith., 1907, 

 p. 592: Bissidimo, near Harrar. 



Specimeji s collected : 



Female, Adis Abeba, Ethiopia, January 2, 1912. 



Male, Sirre, Ethiopia, February 13, 1912. 



The female is unusually small, having the following measure- 

 ments : Wing, 218 ; tail, 149.5 ; culmen, 15 ; tarsus, 35 millimeters. It is 

 also much lighter in color above than the male, and has the streaks on 

 the underparts much narrower and lighter, less blackish, more brovv^n- 

 ish. The ground color of the underparts is, however, slightly darker, 

 less whitish, more tawny, in the female than in the male. 



This race of the kestrel inhabits the edges of forested districts 

 of tropical Africa from Ethiopia south to central Tanganyika Ter- 

 ritory in the east and, according to Sclater,-° from Nigeria to An- 

 gola in the west. An adult bird in the Museum of Comparative 

 Zoology from Mkangazi, in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika 

 Territory (A. Loveridge coll.), is unquestionably carlo, while an- 

 other from Morogoro, near the base of the Uluguru Mountains, is 

 slightly intermediate between <?«rZo and the southern form rupicolus. 

 Inasmuch as forest areas in eastern Africa are practically restricted 

 to mountains, the present bird is a highland bird exclusively in the 

 eastern part of its range. In view of the discontinuity of elevated 

 land masses in eastern Africa it is somewhat surprising to find the 

 highland birds constant in their racial characters throughout such 

 an enormous distance, a matter of some 1,300 miles, and yet inter- 

 grading at the bases of their hilly outposts wnth tlie lowland form 

 that more or less completely surrounds them. 



Kestrels, probably of this form, were observed at Aletta, March 

 7-13, 10 birds; Loco, Gidabo River, March 13-17, 10 seen; Abaya 

 Lake, March 18-26, 16 noted ; near Gardula, March 26-29, 2 birds ; 

 Athi River, September 1-2, 2 noted. 



FALCO ARDOSIACEUS Bonnatcrre and Vieillot 



Falco ardosiaceus Bonnaterre and Vieii.i.ot, Eucycl. Metli. Orn., pt. 3, 

 p. 1238, 1823 : Senegal. 



Specimens collected: 



Male, Gato River, near Gardula, Ethiopia, April 12, 1912. 



=" Systema Avium Ethlopicarum, 1924, p. 54. 



