384 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



meters in length. The measurements of the females are similar: 

 Wing 138-149, tail 96-103, bill 51-56 millimeters. 



UPUPA EPOPS SOMALIENSIS Salvin 



UjMpa somaliensis SAL^^N, Cat. Birds Bi-it. Mus.. vol. 16, p. 13, 1902: 

 Somaliland. 



Specimens collected: 



Four males, four females, two unsexed. Dire Daoua. Ethiopia, 

 December 1-22, 1911. 



One unsexed, Chobi, Ethiopia, December 23, 1911. 



One male, one female, Gato Kiver near Gardula, Ethiopia, March 

 31 and April 1, 1912. 



Three males, Yebo, Ethiopia, June 21, 1912. 



This race of the hoopoe occurs across Africa south of the Sahara 

 aiul north of the Upper and Lower Guinean forested areas, from 

 Senegal and the Sudan to Ethiopia, Somaliland, Bogo.sland, Eritrea, 

 Kenya Colony, and northern Uganda. Sclater " does not include 

 Kenya Colony in its range, but it occurs right across that country 

 to the border of Tanganyika Territory. It does not appear to have 

 been recorded from the latter country except in the country around 

 the base of Mount Kilimanjaro and IMount IMeru. Abbott procured 

 one on the Usseri River on the eastern slope of Kilimanjaro, and 

 Sjostedt obtained others at Kibonoto, Ngare nairobi, and Ngare na 

 nyuki. 



From the typical form, soiiudiensis differs in having more and 

 deeper rufescent pink on the breast and mantle and in having little 

 or no white just proximal to the black tips of the crest feathers. 

 However, the latter character is more variable, and hence less re- 

 liable, than the former. This race is the one generally referred to 

 in literature as senegalensis^ but as Hartert has shown '" Senegal ensu 

 Reichenow is preoccupied by senegalensis Swainson which is a syno- 

 nym of epops. There is some slight doubt, however, as to whether 

 Swainson's name is really based on a typical European winter bird, 

 as his type, while pale in color, has no white, on the crest, and may 

 therefore be a faded soinaUensis (which, if true, would have to be 

 called senegalensis) or a somewhat aberrant example of epops. 

 Under the circumstances the wisest policy is to consider senegalensis 

 a .synonym of epops and use Salvin's name somaUensi-s for the j^resent 

 race, as has been done by Hartert, Sclater, and others, 



Upupa intermedia Ogilvie-Grant and Reid ^° is a synonym of 

 807naliensis. Upupa. hutleri Madarasz ^^ is also not recognizable and 



""^ Syst. Avium Ethlop., 1924, p. 232. 



^■•'Vog. pal. Fauna, vol. 2. p. 870. 



s» Ibis, 1901, p. 674 : S. Abyssinia. 



«» Ann. Mu8. Nat. Hung., vol. 9, 1911, p. 339 : Chor-Em-Dul. Blue Nile. 



