EASTERN WINTER WREN 159 



(Beaverton and Sweet Home) ; and the Sierra Nevada in California. 

 South to southern California (Santa Barbara and San Dimas Can- 

 yon) ; and west to the Pacific Ocean. 



The eastern section of the winter range extends north to southeast- 

 ern Nebraska (Hastings and Omaha) ; central Missouri (Warrens- 

 burg and St. Louis) ; Ohio (Toledo and Cleveland) ; southern Ontario 

 (Toronto) ; Connecticut (Hartford) ; and Massachusetts (Taunton). 

 East to Massachusetts (Taunton and Woods Hole) ; and through the 

 Atlantic coast States southward to Florida (New Smyrna). South 

 to central Florida (New Smyrna, Orlando, and casually to St. Lucie) ; 

 the Gulf coast to eastern Texas (Giddings and Victoria). West to 

 eastern Texas (Giddings and Bonham) ; eastern Oklahoma (Caddo) ; 

 eastern Kansas (Clearwater and Manhattan) ; and eastern Nebraska 

 (Hastings). 



The above range applies to the entire species in North America. It 

 has been broken up into 10 subspecies or geographical races. The 

 eastern winter wren (T. t. hiemalis) breeds from southern Alberta and 

 Minnesota east to the Atlantic coast and south to West Virginia. The 

 southern winter wren {T. t. pullus) occurs in the southern Appala- 

 chians from Virginia to Georgia. The western winter wren {T. t. pa- 

 cificus) breeds from Prince William Sound, Alaska, east to northern 

 Alberta, and from central California east to the Kocky Mountains. 

 Six races have been described from Alaska : the Aleutian wren ( T. t. 

 meligerus) on Attn at the extreme western end; the Kiska wren {T. t. 

 kiskensis) on Kiska and Little Kiska Islands; the Alaska wren {T. t. 

 alascensis) on the Pribilof Islands ; the Tanaga wren {T. t. tanagensis) 

 on Tanaga and probably adjacent islands; Stevenson's winter wren 

 ( T. t. stevensoni) on Amak and Amagat Island ; the Unalaska wren 

 {T. t. 'petrophilus) on Unalaska, Amaknak, and Akutan Islands; the 

 Semidi wren {T. t. semidiensis) on the Semidi Islands ; and the Kodiak 

 wren {T. t. helleri) on Kodiak Island. 



Spring migration. — Some late dates of spring departure are : Flor- 

 ida — Orlando, March 10. Georgia — Athens, April 14. Mississippi — 

 Biloxi, April 16. Louisiana — New Orleans, April 7. North Caro- 

 lina — Kaleigh, April 21. Virginia — ^Lynchburg, April 20. District of 

 Columbia — ^Washington, May 1. Maryland — Hagerstown, April 10. 

 Tennessee — Knoxville, May 1. Kentucky — Bowling Green, May 3. 

 Pennsylvania — Pittsburgh, April 20. New Jersey — Elizabeth, April 

 29. 



Early dates of spring arrival are : Pennsylvania — Harrisburg, April 

 5. New Jersey — Elizabeth, March 5. New York — Plattsburg, April 

 1. Vermont — ^Woodstock, March 30. Maine — Presque Isle, April 17. 

 New Brunswick — Scotch Lake, March 29. Nova Scotia — Wolfville. 

 May 3. Quebec — Quebec, May 6. Ohio — Columbus, March 30. Indi- 



