96 BULLETIN 195, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



In describing this race, Grinnell and Swarth (1926) give, as its 

 distinguishing characters — 



pale colored as regards plumage, more so even than its nearest geographic 

 relative, henshawi, hence the palest colored of the forms of Chamaea fasoiata. 

 The differences distinguishing canicauda from henshawi, though slight (hardly 

 appreciable in badly vporn plumage) are, it seems to us, notable in being of a 

 different sort from those distinguishing henshawi from C. /. fasciata. In the 

 latter case, while henshami is much paler than fasciata, they are both hroimi 

 tinged birds. In canicauda the browns are almost eliminated. The cinnamon 

 of the underparts is extremely pale, the middle of the belly being nearly white, 

 the upperparts, whole head, wings, and flanks are slaty, while the tail is deep 

 slate. In canicauda the bill and feet are unequivocally black ; in all the other 

 races of Chamaea the bill and feet are more or less tinged with brown — "horn 

 color." 



A. W. Anthony (1893), while exploring the San Pedro Martir 

 Mountain, found this wren-tit "common along the lower slopes of the 

 mountain and not rare in the highest altitudes where it nests in the 

 scrub oak and Manzanita." 



The measurements of 7 eggs in the P. B, Philipp collection average 

 18.5 by 14.3 millimeters; the eggs showing the four extremes measure 

 20.4 by 14.0, 17.6 by 14.8, and 17.3 by 14.2 millimeters. 



Family CINCLIDAE: Dippers 



CINCLUS MEXICANUS UNICOLOR Bonaparte 



DIPPER 



Plates 22-24 



HABrrs 



From northwestern Alaska and northeastern British Columbia 

 southward to southern California and New Mexico, the dipper, or 

 water ouzel, enjoys a wide distribution throughout the mountain 

 ranges of western North America as far east as the eastern foothills 

 of the Rocky Mountains, wherever it can find clear, cool, rushing 

 mountain streams, with waterfalls, cascades, rapids and quiet pools, 

 among which it loves to dwell, and to which it is strictly confined. 

 Our bird differs from the type of the species, now understood to be 

 mainly confined to Mexico and Central America, in paler coloration 

 with the head and neck less decidedly brown, though not entirely free 

 from this color, hence the name imicolor. 



The dipper lives at different elevations in various parts of its range, 

 where it is permanently resident, but obliged to seek the lower levels 

 when winter freezes the upper reaches of the streams. Nelson (1887) 

 found it "at the headwaters of the Yukon," as well as "along the shores 

 of Norton and Kotzebue Sounds, where the small streams flow into 

 the sea." We saw only one pair in the Aleutian Islands, on an inland 



