14 BULLETIN 196, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



residents and passage migrants takes place throughout April to early, 

 or sometimes mid, May and even later. A number of late dates are 

 recorded for England and Scotland for the latter part of May, June 

 2, 3, 6, 10, and 29, and even July 11 and 29 (Ticehurst, 1938). The 

 July dates suggest failure to migrate altogether. Birds reach the Ger- 

 man breeding places in March and April and up to the third week of 

 May (Niethammer, 1937). Blair (1936) records first arrivals on the 

 Arctic coast of Norway on May 23, and Seebohm (1901) noted the 

 first appearance of birds on the Arctic Circle in the valleys of the 

 Petchora and Yenisei on May 17 and June 8, respectively. 



Fall migration. — Arrives British Isles in small numbers last week of 

 September and early October, followed by large numbers till third 

 week of November (Ticehurst); earliest dates: Fair Isle, August 5; 

 mainland of Scotland, August 10; England (east coast) August 10; 

 Ireland, September 7. In central Germany passage generally from 

 second week of October, in east Prussia from end of September, 

 lasting till first third of November (Niethammer). In Italy from end 

 of October (Arrigoni, 1929). In Rumania from end of October 

 (Dombrowski, 1 903) . In Greece recorded from November 8 ; Bulgaria, 

 from mid-November, but one record as early as October 19 (Reiser, 

 1905, 1894). Recorded in Egypt from November 13 (Meinertzhagen, 

 1930). 



Casual records. — In addition to the Greenland occurrences, Jourdain 

 (1938) mentions: Jan Mayen, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Canaries, Madeira, 

 Balearic Island, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Cyprus. 



TURDUS MIGRATORIUS MIGRATORIUS Linnaeus 



EASTERN ROBIN 



Plates 1-5 



Contributed by Winsor Marrett Tyler 



HABITS 



. The robin, the largest thrush in North America, is widely and 

 familiarly known in the United States and Canada. To millions of 

 people it is as well known as the crow, and far more popular. 



The early English colonists gave it its name, doubtless because it 

 resembled in coloration the robin redbreast of England, but they 

 failed to notice the close relationship between our robin and their 

 blackbird, which is a true thrush, Turdus, the two birds being very 

 similar in habits, general deportment, and voice, although different 

 in plumage. 



H. C. Kyllingstad writes to us from Mountain Village, Alaska: 



The robin here is not the confiding creature that it is in the States. 



