102 BULLETIN 196, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



noted the northward spread of this bird into the Canadian Zone in 

 Minnesota. Dr. Fred Lord in Hanover, N. H., has witnessed the 

 northward spread in New Hampshire, saying that 30 years ago there 

 were none in the village, while at the time he was writing, 1943, they 

 were common. 



M. W. Provost (1939) writes as follows: "Before the advent of the 

 white man, the Wood Thrush was not found farther north than the 

 Lake Region in central New Hampshire and Hanover in the Connec- 

 ticut Valley. In the two decades 1890-1910 there was a remarkable 

 invasion of the White Mountain valleys by this bird. Today it is by 

 no means rare in the transition valleys throughout the mountains and 

 even up into the forests on slopes up to 2,000 feet. I have found a 

 Wood Thrush on July 8, 1937, in the deep forests of the Mountain 

 Pond region of Chatham, at an elevation of over 1,500 feet and three 

 miles from the nearest settlements in North Chatham." 



This statement from Minot (1895), which is a footnote by the editor, 

 William Brewster, will give a basis for the comparison of the distribu- 

 tion then and at the present time: "A summer resident, very common 

 and generally distributed in Connecticut, less numerous and more 

 local in Massachusetts, and rare or accidental north of the latter 

 State, excepting, possibly, near shores of Lake Champlain in western 

 Vermont, where it is said to breed regularly and in some numbers." 

 Goss (1891) also gives habitat as "north to Massachusetts." 



Some early records of the northward movement are as follows: A 

 note from F. H. Kennard, written in 1910, states that Horace Wright 

 recorded wood thrushes in Jefferson, N. H., which is in the northern 

 part of State. But Wright (1912) says that in 1904, 1905, and 1908 

 the wood thrush was as yet a rare bird. He heard it at 1,600 feet. 

 F. H. Kennard also heard these birds at Averill, Vt., in the north- 

 eastern tip of the State, June 21, 1912, at 1,850 feet. William 

 Brewster (1938), on May 14, 1896, heard a wood thrush singing at 

 the Pearly White farm, which is on the Maine side of Umbagog Lake. 



Spring. — These data are from records in the files of the United 

 States Fish and Wildlife Service, which divides the range into three 

 sections — the Atlantic, the Mississippi, and the Western. I will deal 

 with each in order. Most wood thrushes have spent the winter south 

 of the United States. This will be discussed in more detail in the 

 section called "Winter." Spring migration begins in March when 

 birds have been reported in South Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia, 

 at about the 33d parallel north latitude. Some records show that 

 some birds are still south of the United States at this time; therefore 

 migration is not really in full swing until April. There are reports of 

 birds in North Carolina on April 3, in Maryland on April 6, in Penn- 

 sylvania, and in New Jersey on April 11. A few early individuals have 



