468 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 211 



Dixon, and Linsdale (1930) say: "During the migrations through the 

 western part of the section tanagers were most often observed perched 

 in the blue oaks, valley oaks, or digger pines. During the summer the 

 birds were found in the pines, incense cedars, and firs in the mountain- 

 ous portion of the section." 



In the San Bernardino Mountains, Grinnell (1908) found it breed- 

 ing at from 6,500 to 8,000 feet. 



In the Guadalupe Mountains of western Texas, Burleigh and Lowery 

 (1940) found that the "western tanager was limited in its distribution 

 during the summer months to the thick fir woods at the tops of the 

 ridges and was not noted at this season of the year below an altitude 

 of 8,000 feet." 



In the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona, we found this tanager in the 

 wooded canyons at elevations around 7,000 feet. After I left, two 

 nests were found by my companion, Frank C. Willard, one on June 7 

 and the other on the 14th. 



Spring. — Frederick C. Lincoln (1939) outlines the spring migration 

 of the western tanager as follows : 



On the spring migration the birds enter the United States about April 20, 

 appearing first in western Texas and the southern parts of New Mexico and 

 Arizona. By April 30, the van has advanced evenly to an approximately east- 

 and-west line across central New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California. But 

 by May 10, the easternmost birds have advanced only to southern Colorado, 

 while those in the Far West have reached northern Washington. Ten days later 

 the northern front of the species is a great curve, extending northeastward from 

 Vancouver Island to Central Alberta, and thence southeastward to northern 

 Colorado. Since these Tanagers do not reach northern Colorado until May 20, 

 it is evident that those present in Alberta on that date, instead of having traveled 

 northward through the Rocky Mountains, which from the location of their summer 

 and winter homes would seem to be the natural route, have reached that province 

 by a route through the interior of California, Oregon and Washington to southern 

 British Columbia and thence across the mountains, despite the fact that these are 

 still partly covered with snow at that time. 



Harry S. Swarth (1904) says of the migration in the vicinity of the 

 Huachuca Mountains in southern Arizona: "They are fairly common 

 during the spring migration, the first noted being on April 26, but are 

 more abundant in the lower oak regions than elsewhere, going in 

 flocks of ten or twelve, often in company with the Black-headed 

 Grosbeaks. Such flocks were seen throughout May and early June, 

 after which they disappeared." 



W. Otto Emerson (1903) writes of a heavy spring flight in southern 

 California: 



One of the most wonderful occurrences of the movements of birds in the season 

 of migration, which ever came under my notice, took place at Haywards during 

 May, 1896, when countless numbers of Piranga ludoviciana, or Louisiana tanagers, 

 began to make their appearance between May 12 and 14. From the 18th to the 



