332 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 211 



exists over a period of years in the Brewer's blackbird and that this 

 breaking of the bond in the nonbreeding season should be considered as 

 only an interruption. 



No migration trends were indicated from the 318 individuals that 

 I color-banded at Carmel, on the central coast of California. Most 

 of those birds that survived a full year or more were found in the region 

 in both winter and summer. However many of the banded birds 

 that did not breed in the river-mouth colony could not be kept track of, 

 and their exact status in all seasons was not always known. The 

 wandering of the blackbirds over a larger area (about 12 miles in 

 diameter) in the nonbreeding season made careful checks difficult. 



There may be indications of a differential sex migration in this 

 species. Bendire (1895) states that the "birds wintering along our 

 northern border appear to be nearly all adult males." Gabrielson 

 and Jewett (1940) say that in Oregon "the bird is present through the 

 winter in small flocks composed mostly of males." 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — Western and south-centi al Canada to Mexico and the 

 Gulf coast. 



Breeding range. — The Brewer's blackbird breeds from south- 

 western, central, and southeastern British Columbia (Comox, Fernie), 

 central Alberta (Grimshaw, Lesser Slave Lake), central Saskatchewan 

 (Carlton, forks of the Saskatchewan), southern Manitoba (Duck 

 Mountain, Shoal Lake), northern Minnesota (Crookston, Hibbing), 

 western Ontario (Port Arthur) and northern Wisconsin (Hay ward, 

 Oconto, Green Bay); south to northwestern Baja California (La 

 Grulla, San Rafael), central-southern and central-eastern California 

 (Ken worthy, Saline Valley), southern Nevada (Lincoln County), 

 southwestern and central Utah (Meadow, Pine Valley, Parleys Park), 

 central Arizona (Flagstaff, Marsh Lake), western and central-southern 

 New Mexico (Fort Wingate, Manhill), northern Texas (Canyon, 

 Vernon), Oklahoma (Gate; casually Creek County) Kansas, northern 

 Iowa, southern Wisconsin (Belleville, Walworth County), northeastern 

 Illinois (Wauconda, Northfield), northwestern Indiana, and south- 

 western Michigan (Kalamazoo County). Summer specimens have 

 been taken farther north in British Columbia (Kathlyn Lake, Francois 

 Lake), Alberta (Banff, Deer Mount), and Saskatchewan (Prince 

 Albert). 



Winter range. — Winters from southwestern British Columbia 

 (Vancouver), northern Washington (Bellingham Bay), central Alberta 

 (casually, Camrose), central-eastern Montana, central Oklahoma, 

 Arkansas (Fayetteville, Stuttgart), southwestern Tennessee (Mem- 



