488 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 211 



three connected notes with an upward inflection and may be written 

 taylilee." 



Albert R. Brand (1938) gives the approximate mean vibration 

 frequency of the tanager's song as 2925, a little higher than that of the 

 robin's song. 



Enemies. — Herbert Friedmann (1929) reports that the scarlet 

 tanager is "a fairly common victim" of the cowbird, and that it "is 

 parasitized throughout most of its range." Edward H. Forbush 

 (1929) says of the tanager: "His concealment among the leaves, 

 together with his ventriloquial powers, must serve him well, for I 

 have seldom found remains indicating the demise of one of these male 

 birds by the talons of a hawk." 



Fall. — Francis M. Weston (MS.) states: "Scarlet tanagers, usually 

 single birds, pass through the Pensacola region in small numbers in 

 October on their southward migration. It is very certain that the 

 fall migration route of the species as a whole is not a reversal of the 

 spring route for, in 30 years of observation, I have never seen a concen- 

 tration of tanagers in fall under any conditions of favorable or adverse 

 flying weather." Alexander F. Skutch (MS.), speaking of Central 

 America, says: "In the autumn I have met this tanager only twice. 

 A female or young male was seen near Tela, Honduras, on October 7, 

 1930, and the same or another individual in the same locality on the 

 following day." 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — Southern Canada from Manitoba eastward through 

 Quebec south across central and eastern United States to Peru and 

 Bolivia. 



Breeding range. — The scarlet tanager breeds from central 

 Nebraska (North Platte, Neligh), eastern North Dakota (Fargo, 

 Grafton), southeastern Manitoba (Winnipeg, Indian Bay), central- 

 western Ontario (Lac Seul, Port Arthur), northeastern Minnesota 

 (Duluth), northern Michigan, southern Ontario (Liard, Lake Nipis- 

 sing), southern Quebec (Montreal, Hatley), New Brunswick (Beech- 

 mount), and central and central-southern Maine (Kineo, Hancock 

 County); south to central-northern and southeastern Oklahoma 

 (Pushmataha County, McCurtain County), central Arkansas (Rich 

 Mountain, Hot Springs National Park), west-central Tennessee 

 (Wildersville), northwestern and central Alabama (Florence, Talla- 

 dega Mountains), northern Georgia (East Point), northwestern South 

 Carolina (Walhalla, Spartansburg), western North Carolina (States- 

 ville), central Virginia (Naruna, Petersburg), and Maryland. Re- 

 ported breeding, but unconfirmed, in southeastern Manitoba (Bran- 

 don), and northeastern Texas (Tyler, Harrison County). 



