496 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 211 



Mountain, Flagstaff) and southwestern New Mexico (Silver City, 

 Head of Rio Mimbres) ; south through the highlands of Mexico west 

 of the Sierra Madre del Oriente at least to Michoacan (Cerro del 

 Estribo) and Guerrero (Omilteme) ; west to western Chihuahua (Jesus 

 Maria, Pinos Altos) ; eastern Sonora, and Oaxaca (25 miles northeast 

 of Oaxaca). 



Winter range. — Winters from southeastern Arizona (Patagonia) 

 and southern coastal Sonora (San Jose de Guaymas) south to limits 

 of breeding range and into coastal and lowland areas. 



Migration. — The data deal with the species as a whole. Early 

 dates of spring arrival are: Texas — Brewster County, April 28; 

 Rockport, May 5. New Mexico — Silver City, May 10. Arizona — 

 Tucson area, April 4 (median of 6 years, April 27) ; Beaverdam, May 6. 



Late dates of fall departure are: Arizona — Huachuca Mountains, 

 October 25; Prescott, October 2. New Mexico — Burro Mountains, 

 Grant County, September 16. Texas — Davis Mountains, October 6. 



Egg dates. — Arizona: 16 records, May 21 to July 10; 8 records, 

 June 1 to June 19. 



New Mexico: 1 record, June 29. 



PIRAJVGA RUBRA RUBRA (Linnaeus) 



Eastern Summer Tanager 



Plates 35, 36, and 37 

 HABITS 



This wholly red tanager is the southern representative of the family, 

 breeding throughout the central United States east of the Prairies and 

 southward to Florida, the gulf coast, and northeastern Mexico. It 

 occurs as a straggler only in New England and on our northern 

 borders. 



The favorite haunts of the summer redbird, as it is often called, are 

 open dry, upland woods, among oaks, hickories, and other hardwood 

 trees. In North Carolina, according to Pearson and the Brimleys 

 (1919), it is "equally at home in pine forests, mixed woods, groves of 

 shade trees near houses, or mulberry orchards." In South Carolina, 

 Arthur T. Wayne (1910) says: "This species prefers open pine woods 

 with an undergrowth of scrubby oaks and small hickory trees in which 

 to breed." 



Spring. — Alexander F. Skutch writes to me: "As it arrives late 

 in Central America, so the summer tanager leaves early. By the 

 beginning of April the species is already becoming rare in Costa Rica; 

 my latest record for this country is April 12. In Guatemala, farther 



