PASSENGER PIGEON 401 



some wintered near Hartford, Conn., in 1882-83. At this season, 

 they also were recorded at more southern points: Cuba (a female 

 taken at Triscornia on Havana Bay, and a male obtained in the 

 Havana market, both specimens being preserved in the Museo 

 Gundlach) ; while four specimens were taken at Jalapa, Vera Cruz. 

 in the winter of 1872-73, and it was reported by Herrera as an occa- 

 sional visitant to the Valley of Mexico (no details). A migrant 

 specimen was killed in Bermuda on October 24, 1863. 



Migration. — Despite a rather voluminous literature, actual useful 

 data bearing upon the seasonal movements of the passenger pigeon 

 are decidedly scarce. The modern method of recording arrival and 

 departure was not developed until the species was so reduced in 

 numbers that its ultimate extinction was already apparent. For 

 this reason, many of the dates of later years have no significance 

 as bearing upon migration, and wherever possible data obtained 

 prior to 1890 have been used. 



Spring migration. — Early dates of spring arrival are : North 

 Carolina, Raleigh, April 18; Virginia, Highgate, April 20; West 

 Virginia, French Creek, February 27 and April 10, and Fairview, 

 March 19; District of Columbia (occasionally wintered), Washing- 

 ton, April 3; Pennsylvania (occasionally wintered), Chambersburg, 

 February 13, Erie, March 13, Brockney, March 18, Guths Station, 

 March 20, and Ridgway, March 22 ; New Jersey, Raccoon, March 3, 

 Plainfield, March 12, and Caldwell, March 31; New York (rarely 

 wintered). Locust Grove, March 3, Cornwall-on-Hudson, March 4, 

 Elmira, March 7, Painted Post, March 16, Glasco, March 20, and 

 Buffalo, March 27; Connecticut, Gaylordsville, March 13, and Say- 

 brook, March 21; Massachusetts, Woods Hole, March 20, Ponkapog, 

 March 31, and Amherst, April 7 ; Vermont, Tydeville, April 9 ; 

 New Hampshire, Hollis, April 2; Maine, North Livermore, April 

 28; Illinois (occasionally wintered in southern part), Charleston, 

 February 3, Virden, February 11, Lake Forest, March 4, and Car- 

 thage, March 12; Indiana, Millwood, February 18, Brookville, Feb- 

 ruary 28, Jonesboro, March 1, Brown County, March 7, and Kokomo, 

 March 13; Ohio, Hudson, March 8, West Liberty, March 10, and 

 Fayette, March 15; Michigan, Petersburg, March 20, Locke, March 

 22, Battle Creek, March 27, and Plymouth, April 7; Ontario, 

 Kingston, March 21, London, March 24, Port Rowan, March 26, 

 and Toronto, April 13; Iowa, Iowa City, March 13, Burlington, 

 March 15, La Porte, March 16, and Dubuque, March 22 ; Wisconsin, 

 Ripon, March 8, Janesville, March 23, Racine, March 25, Shiocton, 

 March 29, Delavan, April 1, and Green Bay, April 7; Minnesota, 

 Lanesboro, March 22. Bradford, April 1, Minneapolis, April 3, Zum- 

 brota, April 8, and Lake Andrew, April 9; and Manitoba, Aweme, 



