236 BULLETIN" 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



(163.4); ciilmen, 41.5-50 (47.3) mm. Nine males from southwestern 

 (2) and Peninsular Siam: Wing, 152.5-168 (161.2); culmen, 44-50.5 

 (47.9) mm. 



Three females from northern Siam measure: Wing, 163.5-176 

 (168.2); culmen, 47-49 (47.8) mm. Nine females from eastern Siam: 

 Wing, 161.5-173 (166.9); culmen, 42.5-47 (45.3) mm. Six females 

 from southeastern Siam: Wing, 160-167 (163.5); culmen, 41-48 

 (45.7) mm. Nine females from southwestern Siam (2), southern 

 Tenasserim (3), and Peninsular Siam (4): Wing 160-175 (164.7); 

 culmen, 43-49 (46.8) mm. 



It seems inexpedient to recognize more than one form for the whole 

 of Siam. I am following Robinson and Kloss ^^ in this respect. The 

 range would, then, be eastern Bengal, Assam, Araccan, the whole of 

 Burma, and Siam, eastward to Cambodia, Laos, Cochinchina, and 

 Annam, and southward in Peninsidar Siam to Patani. 



In Siam it evidently is a common bird all over the country. Robin- 

 son ^° records it from Pulo Langkawi, Pulo Terutau, Chong (Trang), 

 and Koh Samui; he also gives it for Koh Chang, Koh Klum, and Koh 

 Rang."^ It probablj^ occurs on other islands off the coast. 



While the form shows little geographical differentiation, it has con- 

 siderable individual variation. A male (no. 332811) from Mehong- 

 sorn, January 7, has the breast with the blaclc reduced on the sides 

 of the feathers and none on the tip. Another male (no. 332809) has 

 the black marldngs on the head and lowerparts verona brown. A 

 female (no. 172996) has the inner primaries and secondaries orange 

 citrine instead of golden-orange. This seems to be a matter of age 

 and indicates a bird not quite adult. There are several immature 

 specimens in the series, but none very young. The subadult resembles 

 its sex; except in the male the red occurs only on the nape. The fore- 

 head and crown are black and spotted as in the female; both sexes in 

 this stage have the back washed with scarlet red. 



There is one peculiarity in the series that is new to me. Many of 

 the specimens taken in the summer have the rhampotheca at the base 

 of the upper mandible flaking off, evidently being shed or molted. 



A smaller race, C. s. chersonesus Kloss, inhabits Johore, Singapore, 

 Rhio Archipelago, and Sumatra. Of this form I have examined only 

 an apparently adult female from Sumatra. Besides being smaller 

 than guttacristatus, the mantle and wing coverts are strongly washed 

 with scarlet. C. s. stridus (Horsfield) is confined to Java. Several 

 other races occur in India. 



M Journ. NhI. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 196, 1923. 



" Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 161, 1917. 



n Ibis. 1915, p. 730. 



