BIRDS FRO]\r SIAIM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 487 



May 21, 28, 1930; one female, Bandon, January 5, 1927; one female, 

 Koh Pangan, July 27, 1931. Dr. Smith gives the soft parts as: 

 Iris dark brown ; bill red or reddish yellow ; legs deep yellow or yellow. 



Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and four females, Prahmon, 

 Trang, March 5-April 2, 1896; one female, Pulo Langkawi, December 

 3, 1899; one male, mouth of the Rumpin River, Pahang, May 20, 

 1902. 



He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill deep red, tip yellow; 

 feet yellow, claws black or horny blue; wattles orange, yellow beneath. 



The females are smaller, with less heavy bills. The specimens from 

 Trang, Nakon Sritamarat, and Bandon have less heavy bills than more 

 southern examples but on the whole are nearer religiosa than inter- 

 media. 



Three males from Patani and Pahang measure: Wing, 181-183.5 

 (182.2) ; tail, 80-84 (82.5) ; culmen, 27.5-29 (28.3 mm). Four females 

 from Patani and Patalung: Wing, 161-179 (168.5); tail, 76-84 (79.2); 

 culmen, 26-30 (27.4). Nine females from Pulo Langkawi north to 

 Bandon: Wing, 165-180 (172.2); tail, 73-81 (76.6); culmen, 26-30 

 (27.6). 



Unfortunately no adult males are available north of Patalung. 

 While the measurements show little difference between the two groups 

 of females, the more northern group appear to have slenderer bills. 



G. r. religiosa differs from 0. r. intermedia in its heavier bill and in 

 having the line of velvety feathers behind the eye extend down until 

 it meets or almost meets the feathers of the side of the neck, almost if 

 not quite, cutting off the bare space below the eye from the extension 

 of the lappets from the nape to the side of the head. 



The range of G. r. religiosa extends from Bali to Java, Borneo, the 

 Natuna Islands, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula north to Bandon. 



Robinson and KJoss " record it from Pulo Tioman and the Langkawi 

 group. Robinson ^^ from Pulo Dayang Bunting, Langkawi, Koh 

 Muk, Pulo Lontar, and Terutau; and under Eulabes intermedins from 

 Koh Samui and Koh Pennan (Pangan). ^^ 



It is evidently a common bird in Peninsular Siam from Bandon 

 south into the Malay States. 



GRACULA RELIGIOSA INTERMEDIA A. Hay 



Gracula hitermedia A. Hay, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., vol. 13, pt. 2, p. 157, 1844 

 (northern India). 



One male and three females, Doi Nangka, November 20, 1930; 

 three males and two females, IGaun Tan, August 27 and September 7, 

 1930; one female, Mekhan, February 6, 1932; one female, Huey Me 

 Sae, December 24, 1932; one male, Knong Phra, April 14, 1929; one 



" Ibis, 1911, p. 67. 



" Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 185, 1917. 



'♦ JouTD. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 160, 1915. 



