BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 477 



25, 1933; three males, Chomtong, November 29, 30, 1928; one female, 

 Kao Lem Sing, Cliantabun, June 11, 1926. 



Dr. W. L. Abbott collected: Two males, two females, and one 

 unsexed in Trang (Prahmon, March 5, 13, 1896; Lay Song Hong, 

 December 10, 1896; near Chong, January 20, 1897); two females, 

 Tanjong Badak, Tenasserim, January 7, 12, 1900; one female, Tanjong 

 Kalong, Singapore, May 2, 1900; one male and one unsexed, Treng- 

 ganu (Dungun River, September 19, and Tanjong Dungun, Sep- 

 tember 21, 1900). He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; upper 

 mandible horn brown, lower mandible pale fleshy, yellowish at gape; 

 feet pale brownish fleshy. 



Apparently there is no appreciable difference between specimens 

 from northern Siam and the Malay Peninsula. No birds from Bengal 

 have been available for comparison. A large series from the Philip- 

 pines, where it is said to be resident, has a grayer cast above than the 

 Siamese series, but below there is little difference. This is A. r, lugu- 

 bris (Walden). 



Eight males from the Malay Peninsula (6) and southwestern Siam 

 (2) measure: Wing, 77.5-82.5 (80.5); tail, 52-58 (54.8); culmen, 14-15 

 (14.5); hind claw, 11-14.5 (12.9) mm. Nine males from northern and 

 central Siam: Wing, 74-83 (80.3); tail, 50-58 (56); culmen, 13.5-14.5 

 (14); hind claw, 10-15 (12.2) mm. Ten males from the Philippines: 

 Wing, 79-83 (81.4); tail, 55-63 (58.5); culmen, 14-15.5 (15); hind 

 claw, 12.5-15 (13.7) mm. 



A. r. malayensis ranges from northern Siam south to Tenasserim 

 and south in Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, 

 and Borneo ; to the east it probably extends into Cambodia. 



Apparently it is a common resident all over Siam. Robinson " 

 records it from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, off Bandon, and from 

 Langkawi;^* Herbert found it breeding around Bangkok from early 

 in May to as late as July 26 and describes the nest and eggs.^^ 



The species breaks up into a number of races in Africa and Asia, 

 extending in the latter as far south as Sumba. 



The plumage is very variable, according to season. As a rule it is 

 fresh and bright in fall and winter but bleaches out in spring and 

 early summer. 



There are several immature specimens in the series taken in June 

 and August, but none very young. Those taken in June are of about 

 adult size and differ from the adults only in plumage. Above they 

 are similar to the adult; except the feathers are edged with a very 

 light buff, almost white; below they are also similar to the breeding 

 female, but the chest lacks the ochraceous wash and the spots are not 



" Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 151, 1915. 

 » Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 186, 1917. 

 »• Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 215, 1923. 



33527—38 31 



