BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 505 



two males, Koh Samet, September 1, 1931 ; five males and five females, 

 Koh Pangan, July 24-30, 1931; 11 males and 11 females, Bangkok, 

 September 26 and October 13, 1923, March 13, 1924, July 2, October 

 29, and December 28, 1925, February 4, 6, May 25-31, and June 1-22, 

 1926, May 4, 8, 1934; two males, Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 8, 12, 

 1926; 19 males and eight females, Koh Chang, March 31-AprLl 5, 

 1924, January 8-15, 1926, March 10, 11, 1930. 



Dr. W. L, Abbott collected six males and two females in Trang 

 (Prahmon, February 20-March 31, 1896; and Tyching, June 3, 1896); 

 one male, Singapore Island, May 22, 1899; two males in Trengganu 

 (Tanjong Dungun, September 20 and Kemamun River, October 2, 

 1900); five males in the Mergui Archipelago (Chance Island, Decem- 

 ber 28, 1899; Heifer Island, March 5, 1900; Ben tinck Island, March 12, 

 1900; and Hastings Island, December 12, 1900). 



Male specimens from Java and the Malay Peninsula are more 

 purplish above than specimens from southeastern Siam. Bangkok 

 birds are intermediate. The difference is gradual from south to 

 north and is not constant. 



The females like the males average a little deeper yellow below 

 with less grayish throats, in the south, though individual specimens 

 can be picked out of either series that exactly match. The grayish 

 or yellowish tone of the upper plumage, especially the head, is largely 

 due to season — yellowish in fall and winter and grayish in summer. 

 In my opinion the differences between the two series are too elusive 

 to warrant naming separately. 



Five males from western Java measure: Wing, 64-66 (65); tail, 

 43-47 (45.4); culmen, 16.5-17.5 (17) mm. Seven males from Treng- 

 ganu and Trang: Wing, 64.5-70 (67.3); tail, 43-46 (44.3); culmen, 

 16.5-18 (17.2) mm. Ten males from Koh Chang, southeastern 

 Siam: Wmg, 63.5-68 (65.8); tail, 43-47 (44.4); culmen, 16.5-17.5 

 (17) mm. These measurements show practically no difference in 

 size between the three series. 



A 3^oung female taken at Bangkok, May 4, is of about adult size. 

 It differs from the adult female in being more yellowish above and 

 below and in having the feet light colored. 



This form ranges from Java and some of the islands south of the 

 Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, the Malay States, north through 

 Peninsular Siam to Tenasserim and Arakan, eastward through 

 southern Siam, and southeastern Siam to Cambodia, Cochinchina, 

 and southern Annam. 



Count Gyldenstolpe " reports it common throughout the whole 

 country, but I presume there must be some mistake. It is a bird of 

 moderate elevations and does not apparently range far from the sea. 

 Dr. Smith did not secure any in northern or eastern Siam. Robinson 



•' Ibis, 1920, p. 463. 



