1084 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 23 7 I'art 2 



are much like those at Point Lobos, He (1894) writes: "The mean 

 temperatm-e (according to local information) is about 60° F. during 

 each of the summer months. Heavy fogs, that almost amount to 

 rain, are also frequent during summer." 



It is now known of course that Point Pinos juncos are not confined 

 to the coastal forest, the "humid coast belt," but inhabit a great vari- 

 ety of situations, more so than other races of Oregon junco. They 

 nest in a number of plant associations, not all coniferous. Grinnell 

 and Miller (1944) say: 



Almost any forest or woodland, including plantings of eucalyptus, suffices if it af- 

 fords shade and ground cover that remains green throughout the summer. Usu- 

 ally, perhaps always, water may be obtained, either from surface streams or from 

 fog-drenched foliage. In summer, this race is more tolerant of low zonal condi- 

 tions than is thurberi. Yet in its typical ground-foraging activity, presence of 

 shade is just as much an essential factor. Usage of trees for nesting is more prev- 

 alent in this race than in others, but the bird is nevertheless predominantly a 

 ground nester. 



Summarizing information from both A. H. MUler (1941b) and 

 Grinnell and Miller (1944), the following plant associations meet the 

 requu-ements of these juncos for nesting: moist redwood {Sequoia 

 sempervirens) forests in canyons; dense, though comparatively arid, 

 California live oak (Quercus agrifolia) woodland; Monterey pine 

 (Pinus radiata), pricklecone pine (P. muricata), and Monterey cypress 

 (Cypressus macrocarpa) forests; yellov/ pine (P. ponderosa) and 

 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxijolia) forests; black oak (Q. kelloggii), 

 goldencup oak {Q. chrysolepis) , and madrono {Arbutus menziesii) 

 woodlands; and arid digger pine (P. sabiniana) and Coulter pine 

 (P. coulteri) "forests." 



Point Pinos juncos do not migrate, although as H. B. Kaeding 

 (1899) comments "as soon as the young are fledged the birds wander." 

 There are no records at other seasons more than a few mUes from the 

 breeding range. However in recent years the Point Pinos juncos 

 have extended their range and now breed in city parks and suitable 

 residential areas of San Francisco Bay cities. Amelia S. Allen (1933) 

 believes that extensive plantings of Monterey pines and other changes 

 in the landscape, all done by man, are responsible. She (1943) also 

 writes: 



It has been interesting to follow the spread of this junco in Berkeley. Before 

 1914 I had worked out the earliest dates of arrival for the Oregon Junco as Octo- 

 ber 17 and the latest date of departure as April 10. Between 1914 and the date 

 of the finding of the first nest, I had several records of single birds found singing 

 later than April 10 * * *. On May 15, 1917, on the grounds of the Claremont 

 Country Club, I found the first nest reported in the San Francisco Bay region. 

 By 1918 the local Berkeley birds had spread from their center on the campus 

 to our hillside. This junco is now one of the common breeding birds of the area. 



