WESTERN GOSHAWK 139 



of arrival and departure. Only casually does it travel south of the 

 southern limits of the breeding range. Nevertheless, some years 

 are characterized by heavy flights or invasions from more northern 

 latitudes. During some autumn and winter seasons the species be- 

 comes unusually common, chiefly in the wooded section from Minne- 

 sota east to and including New England, and south to Pennsylvania. 

 Notable flights in this part of the country occurred in 1895, 1896, 

 1897, 1906, 1907, and 1916. The birds arrived generally in October 

 or November and remained common until the middle of March or 

 the first of April, 



The invasion of 1916 was notable in that large numbers of true 

 atricapillus invaded California during November (Grinnell, 1917). 

 Goshawks also were common that year in Kansas (Bunker, 1917), 

 when several specimens were received by the University Museum at 

 Lawrence. 



Casual records. — A goshawk was recorded by Hantzsch (1929) as 

 taken during the spring of 1901 at Ramah, northern Newfoundland 

 Labrador. Reid (1884) records two specimens from Bermuda, one 

 of which was shot on Somerset Island about 1862. 



European records for this species appear to be limited to a few 

 from Scotland and Ireland, as follows: A specimen was obtained at 

 Brechin, Forfarshire, Scotland, in May 1869; one was taken at 

 Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland, on February 24, 1919; another 

 was killed at Schiehallion, Perthshire, Ireland, during the spring of 

 1869; another was obtained in the Galty Mountains, Tipperary, Ire- 

 land, in February, 1870; and one was taken at Parsonstown, Kings 

 County, Ireland, during the spring of 1869. 



Egg dates. — Alaska, Canada, and Labrador: 100 records, April 5 

 to June 14; 50 records, April 23 to May 18. 



United States : 20 records, April 1 to June 3 ; 10 records, April 17 

 to 30. 



ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS STRIATULUS Ridgway 

 WESTERN GOSHAWK 



HABITS 



The western subspecies of the goshawk is none too well marked, 

 and its breeding range is none too clearly defined. It is a darker- 

 colored bird in all plumages. In the adult the upper parts are dark 

 plumbeous inclining to sooty blackish; the under parts are more 

 bluish ash, finely vermiculated with white, and with conspicuous 

 black shaft streaks. In the young bird the upper parts are darker 

 brown, with less of the buffy edgings; under parts are white, less 

 buffy, with broader and blacker stripes. 



Its breeding range is supposed to be in the boreal zones of the 

 Pacific coast region from Alaska southward, possibly into Mexico. 



