196 BULLETIN 16 7, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Winter. — ^While most of these hawks migrate to a milder climate, 

 a few remain all winter as far north as southern New England. 

 William Brewster (1906) says that they "are often seen" in the 

 marshes and along the rivers near Cambridge, Mass., in winter. 

 "At this season, when they are nearly or quite silent, they are given 

 to haunting level, open country sprinkled with large, isolated trees. 

 In some of these the Hawks have favorite perches to which they 

 resort day after day and year after year, to bask in the winter sun- 

 shine and to watch for meadow mice." 



Referring to Pennsylvania, Dr. B. H. Warren (1890) writes: 



During the winter these hawks frequent principally the large water courses, 

 meadow-lands, and the vicinity of ponds, and not unfrequently an individual of 

 this species can be observed on its perch overlooking a spring-head. When the 

 streams and meadows are frozen I have noticed that they especially resort to 

 such localities as last named. When disturbed from its perch it utters, in a 

 plaintive and impatient voice, the note, keeo, keeo. Its flight, generally short, 

 is graceful and very owl-like. This hawk, like its relative, the Red-tail, may 

 be observed sitting by the hour on some favorite tree or stake adjacent to 

 swampy or boggy ground, watching for small quadrupeds and batrachians, 

 which constitute its principal fare. 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — North America, exclusive of the Rocky Mountain region, 

 from southern Canada south to northern Mexico. The range of the 

 red-shouldered hawk is discontinuous, the species occurring over the 

 eastern part of the country west to Nebraska, Kansas, and central 

 Texas and reappearing (as the red-bellied hawk) in the Pacific coast 

 regions from Oregon south to northwestern Mexico, 



Breeding range. — The breeding range extends north to eastern 

 Oregon (Camp Harney) ; Nebraska (Neligh, Linwood, and Omaha) ; 

 Iowa (Boone and La Porte City) ; Wisconsin (La Crosse, Honey 

 Creek, New London, and Sturgeon Bay) ; northern Michigan (prob- 

 ably Isle Royal, McMillan, and Sault Ste. Marie) ; southern Ontario 

 (Parry Sound, Reaboro, and Ottawa) ; southern Quebec (Montreal 

 and Quebec); and Prince Edward Island (North River). East to 

 Prince Edward Island (North River) ; New Brunswick (Grand 

 Manan) ; Maine (Bucksport, South Warren, and Portland) ; New 

 Hampshire (Webster) ; Massachusetts (Andover, Salem, Boston, and 

 Dighton) ; Rhode Island (Newport) ; Connecticut (New London and 

 New Haven) ; New York (Ossining and New York City) ; New 

 Jersey (probably Princeton and Cape May); Maryland (Cam- 

 bridge) ; Vii'Lnnia (Ashland and probably Dismal Swamp) ; North 

 Carolina (Walker and Lake Ellis) ; South Carolina (Charleston) ; 

 Georgia (Savannah, Riceboro, and St. Marys) ; and Florida (Pa- 

 latka, San Mateo, Tomoka, Titusville, St. Lucie, Fort Pierce, Miami, 

 Cax)e Sable, and Key West). South to Florida (Key West, Logger- 



