NORTHERN BALD EAGLE 338 



British Columbia (probably near Comox, and Port Simpson) ; 

 Alaska (Forrester Island, Craig, Sitka, Hawkins Island, Bethel, 

 Unalaska Island, and Tanaga Island) ; and northeastern Siberia 

 (Bering Island). In addition to breeding on Bering Island, the bald 

 eagle is known to occur with fair regularity on the Arctic coast of 

 Siberia (Nizhni-Kolymsk) ; the Commander Islands, and Kamchatka. 

 It is reported to nest on the Kamchatka Peninsula (Kariaga), but 

 this has not yet been verified. 



The range above outlined is for the entire species, which has, how- 

 ever, been separated into two rather poorly defined subspecies;. 

 These intergrade extensively along the line of contact. The south- 

 ern bald eagle {H. I. leucocejihalus) is apparently confined to the 

 Lower Austral Zone in South Carolina, Florida, the Gulf States, and 

 Texas. The northern bald eagle {H. I. alascanus \^^washingtonien- 

 sis] ) occupies the rest of the range north to the Arctic regions. 



Winter range. — The bald eagle is generally a resident species but 

 probably retires southward in winter from the extreme northern 

 parts of its range. It is known to winter north to Alaska (Craig, 

 Captains Harbor, and Sitka) ; central Alberta (Mundare and Stony 

 Plain) ; central Saskatchewan (Johnston Lake and East End) ; north- 

 ern Minnesota (Elk Kiver) ; Wisconsin (New London) ; Michigan 

 (Sault Ste. Marie, Benzonia, Hillsdale, and Detroit) ; southern 

 Ontario (Listowel and Toronto) ; and Quebec (Lac Tremblante and 

 Godbout). 



Casual records. — According to Keid (1884) the bald eagle has been 

 recorded four times on Bermuda. No additional specimens have 

 been noted since this report. One killed in Sweden about 1850 

 appears to be the only authentic record for Europe. This specimen 

 apparently was still extant about 1880. 



Egg dates. — Alaska and Arctic America : 62 records, March 24 to 

 June 24; 31 records. May 7 to 14. 



Maine to Michigan : 6 records, April 1 to 21. 



New Jersey to Virginia: 75 records, February 2 to May 27; 38 

 records, February 27 to March 9. 



Georgia and Florida to Texas: 62 records, October 30 to Feb- 

 ruary 26; 31 records, December 8 to January 27. 



Oregon to Mexico: 40 records, February 18 to April 1; 20 records, 

 March 2 to 11. 



HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS ALASCANUS Townscnd 

 NORTHERN BALD EAGLE 



HABITS 



I fully agree with Peters (1931) that Audubon's name, washing- 

 foniensis, should be applied to this large, northern race, as it lono- 

 antedates Townsend's (1897) alascanus and as Audubon's type, taken 



