EASTERN KINGBIRD 27 



active habits and iiidifforence to concealment, the kingbirds were, 

 during their sojourn in the valley, one of the most conspicuous 

 members of its avian community." 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — North and South America. 



Breeding range. — The breeding range of the eastern kingbird ex- 

 tends north to southern British Columbia (Courtenay, Westminster, 

 and Swan Lake) ; central Alberta (Edmonton, Belvedere, and Lac 

 la Biche) ; southern Saskatchewan (Wiseton and Quill Lake") ; central 

 Manitoba (Chimawawin and Grand Kiver) ; southern Ontario (Gar- 

 guntua. Cobalt, and Ottawa) ; southern Quebec (Montreal, Quebec, 

 and Kamouraska) ; New Brunswick (Chatham) ; Prince Edward 

 Island (Tignish) ; and the Magdalen Islands. The eastern limits of 

 the range reach the Atlantic coast from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec, 

 south to southern Florida (Royal Palm Hammock). To the south, 

 the Gulf coast is reached from Florida (Royal Palm Hammock, St. 

 Petersburg, and Pensacola) ; west to Texas (Houston and Refugio), 

 thence in the interior to northern New Mexico (Ribera and Santa 

 Cruz) ; northern Utah (Salt Lake County) ; and Oregon (Malheur 

 Lake, Burns, and Wasco). West to western Oregon (Wasco and 

 Maupin) ; western Washington (Nesqually Plains, Seattle, Dungeness, 

 and Bellingham) ; and southwestern British Columbia (Courtenay). 



During the summer season kingbirds also have been recorded at 

 many points well outside their normal breeding range, as in the 

 north to central British Columbia (Hazelton) ; Mackenzie (Fort 

 Simpson, Fort Resolution, and Fort Rae) ; and Labrador (Cape 

 Mokkovik and Killinik Island). There are a number of summer 

 records for California, and the species has also been recorded at this 

 season in Arizona (Kayenta) and Nevada (Alamo, Lovelock, and 

 Big Creek Ranch). 



Winter range. — The winter range extends north to Costa Rica 

 (Villa Quesada and Volcan de Trazu) ; eastern Panama (Gatun) ; 

 northern Colombia (Trojas de Catoca and Bonda) ; and British 

 Guiana (Abary River and Blairmount). From the latter region the 

 range extends southward, probably through western Brazil, to Bolivia 

 (Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Caiza). South to southern Bolivia 

 (Caiza) ; and Peru (Lima). West to Peru (Lima); Ecuador 

 (Zamora and Gualea) ; and Costa Rica (Villa Quesada). 



Spring 7nigration. — Early dates of arrival in the United States are: 

 Florida — Basinger, March 14; Kissimmee, March 20. Georgia — 

 Boachton, March 25. South Carolina— Mount Pleasant, March 25. 

 North Carolina — Raleigh, April 13. Virginia — Variety Mills, April 

 17. District of Columbia — Washington, April 18. New Jersey — 

 Caldwell, April 28. New York — Ballston Spa, May 1. Connecticut 



