EASTERN PHOEBE 153 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — North America east of the Kocky Mountains. 



Breeding range. — The eastern phoebe breeds north to southwestern 

 Mackenzie (Old Wrigley, Lake St. Croix, and Hill Island Lake) ; 

 northern Saskatchewan (Methye Portage and Sandfly Lake) ; Mani- 

 toba (probably Norway House and Gypsumville) ; southern Ontario 

 (Indian Bay, Kenora, North Bay, Algonquin Park, and Sulphide) ; 

 southern Quebec (Montreal, Hatley, and Mont Louis) ; Prince Ed- 

 ward Island (Charlottetown) ; and Nova Scotia (Sydney). The 

 eastern boundary of the breeding range extends southward from this 

 Ijoint along the coast to southeastern Virginia (Cobbs Island) . South 

 to southeastern Virginia (Cobbs Island and Richmond) ; North Caro- 

 lina (Raleigh and Charlotte) ; northwestern South Carolina (Spar- 

 tanburg and Seneca) ; northern Georgia (Atlanta) ; northern Ala- 

 bama (Long Island and Florence) ; northern Mississippi (luka) ; 

 Arkansas (Bertig, Magazine Mountain, and Rich Mountain) ; north- 

 eastern Oklahoma (Tulsa) ; and east-central New Mexico (Santa 

 Rosa). West to east-central New Mexico (Santa Rosa); western 

 Oklahoma (Kenton) ; Kansas (Stockton) ; eastern Nebraska (Red 

 Cloud and Lincoln) ; eastern South Dakota (Yankton, Armour, and 

 Dell Rapids) ; North Dakota (l3owman) ; Alberta (Morrin, Edmon- 

 ton, and Battle River) ; and western Mackenzie (Fort Simpson, Two 

 Island Indian Village, and Old Wrigley) . 



Winter range. — The winter range extends north to central Chi- 

 huahua (Chihuahua City) ; northeastern Texas (Houston and Gaines- 

 ville) ; probably rarely southeastern Oklahoma (Caddo) ; northern 

 Alabama (Leighton) ; occasionally eastern Tennessee (Knoxville) ; 

 western North Carolina (Asheville) ; and casually the District of 

 Columbia (Washington) . Note : In mild winters the phoebe has been 

 detected north to northwestern Arkansas (Rogers) ; southern Illinois 

 (Olney) ; southern Ohio (Columbus) ; southern Vermont (Benning- 

 ton) ; and southern New Hampshire (Milford). The eastern boun- 

 dary of the normal winter range extends southward along the 

 Atlantic coast from the District of Columbia (Washington) to 

 Florida (Daytona, Miami, and Royal Palm Hammock) and rarely 

 Cuba (Habana and Guantanamo Bay). South to rarely Cuba (Guan- 

 tanamo Bay) and Oaxaca (Tapanatepec). West to Oaxaca (Tapa- 

 natepec and Cuicatlan) ; Morelos (Morelos) ; Mexico (San Antonio 

 Coapa) ; Nuevo Leon (Monterrey) ; and Chihuahua (Chihuahua City). 



Spring migration. — Early dates of spring arrival are: New Jersey — 

 New Providence, ISIarch 8. New York — Ballston Spa, March 20. 

 Connecticut — Hartford, March 13. Massachusetts — Beverly, March 

 12. Vermont — St. Johnsbury, March 22. Quebec — Montreal, April 



