BIRDS OF ETHIOPIA AND KENYA COLONY 123 



distinct. On the other hand, Gyldenstolpe," van Someren/ and 

 others declare that saturata is valid. None of these investigators 

 was able to examine any material of pallida from Mount Garguess (or 

 Uragiiess of van Someren's papers), but van Someren concludes 

 that "as the avifauna in this district is peculiar, it is probably 

 sound." I have examined the type and three topotypes of pallida 

 and find it perfectly valid. It is known, as yet, only from the type 

 locality, the upper slopes of Mount Garguess. Of saturata I have 

 seen the type and four others (from Nyeri and Ngong, near Nairobi) 

 and find that it is also recognizable, although not overly well dif- 

 ferentiated. On the whole, it is slightly brighter yellow below and 

 greener above than eugenia and is also somewhat larger. 



All in all, there are five valid races of the yellow-whiskered bulbul, 

 as follows : 



1. 'S'. I. latirostris : Cameroon to Gaboon and Portuguese Congo; also 

 Fernando Po. Gyldenstolpe has referred specimens from the Semliki 

 Valley and the Ituri Forest, eastern Belgian Congo, to this race as 

 well, so it may be expected to occur right across from Cameroon 

 to the Semliki River. 



2. S. I. eugenia: The Kivu district, Urundi, Ruanda, Uganda, 

 extreme northwestern Tanganyika Territory, and we.-tern Kenya 

 Colony (Kavirondo, Escarpment, Elgon). Similar to laiirostris but 

 darker below and larger (wnngs in males, 86-91 as against 76-85 mm 

 in latirostris) . 



3. S. I. saturata: The Mount Kenya highlands south to Kikuyu 

 and Nairobi. Characters as given above. 



4. S. I. pallida: Mount Garguess. Palest of all the forms, this 

 being most noticeable on the middle of the abdomen. 



5. S. I. cor\gener: Upper Guinea from Senegal to Southern Nigeria. 

 None seen by me. Said to differ from the typical form in having 

 duskier underparts, browner upperparts, and dark brown rectrices. 



The measurements of the present four specimens are as follows: 

 Males— wing, 86, 87, 91 ; tail, 80, 82, 86 ; culmen, 15, 15, 16 ; tarsus, 

 20, 21, 21.5 mm; female — wing, 86; tail, 79; culmen, 14.5; tarsus 22 

 )nm. The birds are in fairly fresh plumage. 



The species appears to breed throughout the year. Van Someren * 

 writes that the "nest is usually situated on some low tree of the forest 

 undergrowth. A foundation of dead leaves is first laid down, then 

 the nest proper is built of rootlets and twigs and lined inside with 

 fine fibres. The eggs are dirty pink, with liver-coloured spots and 

 greyish under-markings ; the surface is smooth and glossy." 



'Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1924, p 1S6. 

 ^ Nov. Zool., vol. 29, p. 189, 1922. 

 «Ibis, 1916, p. 437. 



