14 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



istic birds are Gypactus harbatus meridionalis^ Pinarochroa sordida 

 (several races), and Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. 



2. A subtropical to almost semitemperate zone, which may be di- 

 vided into two — a temperate-forest zone and a plateau-savannah 

 zone. The forest zone is very local and, on a map, resembles a. rather 

 narrow circuitous line. It coincides with the temperate rain forest 

 on the vegetation map. It exists chiefly in the northern-western high- 

 lands and reappears in the Arussi country. The plateau savannah 

 occurs on both sides of the Kift Valley but is much more extensive 

 on the western side, whence it reaches to the Eritrean border on the 

 north and nearly to the Sudanese boundary on the east. 



Some birds characteristic of the temperate forest zone are: 



Turdus olivacens abyssinicus. 



Geokichla litsipsirupa simensis. 



Seicercus umbrovirens, 3 races in dif- 

 ferent parts of Ethiopia (umbrovir- 

 ens, erythreae, and omoensis). 



As already stated, the zonal forest birds are rather few in number. 

 Birds typical of the plateau savannahs include the following : 



Aquila verreauxi. 



Eurystomus afer aethiopicus, 



Poicephalus flavifrons. 



Agapornis taranta (also in savannalis). 



Pseudoalcippe abyssinicus abyssinicus. 



Bostrychia carunculata. 

 Cyanochen cyanopterus. 

 Francolinus castaneicollis. 

 Francolinus africanus, several races. 

 Rougetius rougetii. 

 Lybius undatus. 

 Lybius tsanae. 

 Dendropicos abyssinicus. 



Macronyx flavicollis. 

 Dioptrornis chocolatinus. 

 Oenanthe lugubris. 

 Corvultur crassirostris. 

 Onycognathus morio riippellii. 

 Ploceus baglafecht baglafecht. 

 Urobrachya axillaris traversii. 

 Spinus nigriceps. 



In the eastern part of the eastern highland district the altitudes 

 are generally lower and the mountain grasses are largely replaced by 

 tall grass savannahs. Here another group of birds is added to many 

 of the above-mentioned species. Among these are : 



Turacus leucotis donaldsoni. Trachyphonus erythrocephalus gal- 



Gymuoschizorliis personata. larum. 



Corythaixoides leucogaster. Galeopsar salvadorii. 



These forms also extend down into the lowlands of the southern 

 Somali Arid zone. In other words, the eastern border of the Arussi- 

 Galla highlands presents a mixture of highland and lowland species. 



Similarly in the southwestern portion of the Ethiopian highlands, 

 in the Omo region, we find a strong mixture of west African birds 

 together with typicallj'- Ethiopian ones. Lamprocolius gJaucovirens 

 and Agapornis pullaria may suffice to exemplify the western element 

 present there. 



In the southern part of the Ethiopian portion of the Rift Valley 

 is a chain of lakes, which attract great numbers of water birds, 

 thereby changing the local aspect of the avifauna. Also a noticeable 

 Somali element extends into the valley from Boran ,and northern 



