102 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



range of this species. Four races are currently recognized. They 

 are: 



1. P. a. abyssinicus: Northeastern and eastern Africa from the 

 Simien Mountains, northern Ethiopia, south through Shoa and 

 Kenya Colony to the Kikuyu and Kilimanjaro districts and the 

 Usambara Mountains. Of this form kiUmensis Shelley is a syno- 

 nym. Van Someren ** lists kilirnensis as a species, but he evidently 

 examined no material, for all he writes is "apparently confined to 

 the Kilimanjaro Range" and lists no specimens. Neumann ^^ was 

 unable to find any differences between Ethiopian specimens (typical 

 abyssinicus) and others from Kikuyu (apparently kiUmensis). Re- 

 cently van Someren *® examined material and states that birds from 

 Kilimanjaro, South Mau, Aberdare, and Mount Kenya are darker 

 on the head, mantle, and underside than northern birds, and hints 

 that kiUmensis may be valid. 



Shelley himself *^ admitted that his form kiUmensis was indis- 

 tinguishable from abyssinicus. 



2. P. a. Tnonachus: The mountains of Cameroon. This race differs 

 from the typical subspecies in color, being darker on the crown, 

 brighter reddish brown on the upperparts, especially on the rump, 

 upper tail coverts, and the edges of the remiges and rectrices, and 

 darker brown on the flanks. 



3. P. a. claudel: The island of Fernando Po, where it is confined 

 to high altitudes. Similar to monachus but with the gray of the 

 head and nape extending much farther down the back; the flanks 

 and thighs duller rufous-brown. 



4. P. a. ansorgei: Benguella and Mossamedes, Angola. Differs 

 from abyssinicus in having the crown paler ashy gray and tinged 

 with brown, back, rump, wings, and upper tail coverts paler brown, 

 middle of abdomen slightly more grayish. 



The present specimen is slightly smaller than a male from Mount 

 Garguess (Mount Uraguess of van Someren 's papers), Kenya Colony. 

 The dimensions of the former are: Wing, 68; tail, 60; culmen, 13; 

 tarsus, 21.5 mm. Those of the latter are: Wing, 71; tail, 68; culmen, 

 14; tarsus, 22.5 mm. 



This bird is wholly a denizen of high mountain forests, its altitudi- 

 nal range being from 7,500 to 9,500 feet in Ethiopia, while on Kili- 

 manjaro it occurs down to 6,000 feet. Neumann {loc. cit.) found it 

 only in the high mountains from 7,500 to 9,000 feet, where it lives in 

 the dense vegetation of the forests. Erlanger *^ met with it at Gara 

 Mulata, at Dabaaso near Adis Abeba, in the Shoan lakes region, and 



** Nov. Zool., vol. 29, p. 245, 1922. 



« Journ. fur Orn., 190G, p. 281. 



<« Nov. Zool.. vol. 37, p. 341, 1932. 



*^The birds of Africa, etc., vol. 2, p. 210, 1900. 



*8 Journ. fiir Orn., 1905. p. 750. 



