BIRDS OF ETHIOPIA AND KENYA COLONY 263 



The measurements of the two specimens are as follows: Male — 

 Wing, 114.5; tail, 105; culmen, 19.5; tarsus, 31.5 mm. female — wing, 

 112.5 ; tail, 108 ; culmen, 19 ; tarsus, 31 mm. 



LANIUS COLLARIS HUMERALIS Stanley 



Lanim htimeralis Stanley, in Salt, Travels in Abyssinia . . „ Appendix, 

 p. 11 [=51], no. 4, 1814: Chelicut, Ethiopia. 



Specimens collected: 



1 female, Harrar, Ethiopia, November 24, 1911. 

 1 female, Gada Bourca, Ethiopia, December 26, 1911. 

 1 female, Adis Abeba, Ethiopia, January 9, 1912. 

 1 male, Arussi Plateau, Ethiopia, February 24, 1912. 

 1 male, near Aletta, Sidamo, Ethiopia, March 6, 1912. 

 1 male, Gidabo River, Ethiopia, March 16, 1912. 

 1 male, 1 female, Gato River near Gardula, Ethiopia, April 9, 1912, 

 1 male, Kormali, Ethiopia, May 18, 1912. 



1 male, Kilindini, Meru district, Kenya Colony, August 11, 1912. 

 5 adult males, 4 immature males, 2 adult females, Escarpment, Kenya 

 Colony, September 4-9, 1912. 



In the study of the variations of this shrike, I have examined 

 nearly 100 specimens representing the following recognized races: 

 colla/ris, S77uthi, hv/meralis, congicus^ and subcoronatus. I have not 

 seen any material of the south Tanganyikan race marwitzi. I have 

 also not seen enough Cameroon material to settle the validity of 

 earner oonensis^ but I accept Bannerman's pronouncement ^^ that it is 

 a synonym of smithi. Roberts ^^ apparently considers pyrrhosHctus 

 a valid form, differing from humei^alis in being larger than the latter, 

 but this seems somewhat doubtful. A specimen of humeralis from 

 "Umzila's Kingdom" (= Gazaland) is no larger than others from 

 Ethiopia, Kenya Colony, or Tanganyika Territory. Roberts records 

 pyrrhostictus from the high veld region of the Transvaal, an area 

 that is certainly different ecologically from the Gazaland district, but, 

 as far as I know, no other student recognizes pyrrhostictus. 



The revision given by Bannerman (loc. cit.) is correct as far as 

 my material goes, and there is no need to repeat it here. Only one 

 race other than humeraUs occurs anywhere near northeastern 

 Africa — smithi^ which gets to western Uganda and intergrades with 

 the former in that country. Consequently, some Ugandan specimens 

 are difficult to identify to one or the other race, but typical smithi 

 has more black on the outermost pair of rectrices than does 

 huineralis. 



Reichenow's supposed form uropygiMis ^^ is not separable from 

 humeralis. This race was said to differ from humeralis in having 



^ Rev. Zool. Africaine, vol. 9, p. 350, 1921. 



^ Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 8, pp. 245, 249, 1922. 



'^ Journ. fur Orn., 1905, p. 560 ; "Ostafrika von Uganda bis zum Niassasee." 



