286 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



but smaller, wings 80-83 mm, as against 89-96 mm in the nominate 

 form. In this race the male is recognizable too on account of its 

 small size. 



5. D. g. malzacii: The Upper White Nile Valley west through the 

 Bahr el Ghazal and the "Lado Enclave" to the Shari River; merging 

 with gamhensis in Darfur. Females with the back earth brown, with 

 dark sepia brown head; therefore browner, less grayish than the 

 typical subspecies. 



6. D. g. erythreae: Ethiopia and Eritrea, west to Sennar and the 

 valley of the Sobat. Female very dark on the head and upper back, 

 deep fuscous; the underparts only lightly tinged with buffy. 



7. D. g. nyamae: Uganda (except southern and western Ankole) 

 and Kenya Colony west of the Rift Valley (Elgeyu, Nandi, etc.). 

 Female similar to that of erythreae but with the back less blackish, 

 more brownish ; underparts more tawny. 



The arrangement given by Sclater and Mackworth-Praed ^^ is in 

 close agreement, as far as it goes, with the above, but the characters 

 of gamhensis and malzacii as given by them are wrong, a point 

 arrived at independently by Lynes ** and myself. 



Neumann ^^ suggests that with more extensive series it may be 

 possible to divide erythreae into a north Ethiopian and Eritrean race, 

 and a Shoan form differing from the former (typical erythreae) in 

 having the head and upper back darker. This seems somewhat doubt- 

 ful, as wear and age have much to do with the blackness or brownness 

 of these areas. 



The immature male and the female from Bodessa are very similar, 

 except that the latter has the upper back slightly more brownish than 

 the former. Both have the underparts lightly suffused with buff. 

 The female from Gidabo River has the underparts whitish with no 

 buffy wash, and the crown, nape, and mantle even browner than in the 

 other female. It is, however, more abraded than the latte^ 



The measurements of the present specimens are rather uniform. 

 The wings measure 85-86 mm in the males, 85.5-87 mm in the 

 females; tail, 77-78 mm in the males, 78-79 mm in the females; 

 culmen, 18-18.5 mm in the males, 18-19 mm in the females; tarsus, 

 22.5-23 in the males, 22.5-23 mm in the females. 



Von Heuglin ^" records this bush-shrike as a permanent resident in 

 the lower parts of Ethiopia, and Sennar, 6,000 feet appearing to be its 

 upper altitudinal limit. Neumann found it at somewhat greater 

 altitudes and gives 8,500 feet as the limit of its range. The breeding 

 season is not known. 



ssjbis, 1918, pp. 635-037. 



w Ibis, 1925, p. 77, footnote. 



» Journ. fur Orn., 1905, pp. 223-224. 



«• Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, etc., vol. 1, p. 457, 1869. 



